Tetanus Toxoid-IgG Test
The Tetanus Toxoid-IgG Test is a blood test used to measure the level of IgG antibodies against tetanus toxoid in an individual. These antibodies are produced in response to tetanus vaccination or previous exposure to the tetanus bacterium (Clostridium tetani). The test helps assess immunity status and determines whether a booster vaccination is needed.
Tetanus is a life-threatening bacterial infection characterized by severe muscle stiffness, spasms, and difficulty breathing. The bacterium releases a powerful neurotoxin that affects the nervous system, leading to lockjaw (trismus) and muscle rigidity. Since tetanus has no cure, vaccination and timely boosters are the best preventive measures.
What is the Tetanus Toxoid-IgG Test Used For?
- Assessing immunity levels following tetanus vaccination.
- Determining the need for a booster dose in individuals at risk.
- Evaluating immune response after suspected tetanus exposure.
- Assessing immune function in immunocompromised patients.
Symptoms of Tetanus
Tetanus symptoms typically develop within 3 to 21 days after infection and include
Jaw stiffness (lockjaw)- Difficulty opening the mouth.
Muscle spasms- Painful, involuntary contractions, often in the neck, back, or abdomen.
Rigid body posture- Arching of the back (opisthotonos).
Fever and sweating- Accompanied by high blood pressure or rapid heartbeat.
Breathing difficulties- In severe cases, can lead to respiratory failure.
• Difficulty swallowing- Due to throat muscle stiffness.
Preparation for the Test
No fasting is required before the test. Inform your doctor about any recent vaccinations, as they may influence results. A blood sample is drawn from a vein for analysis.
Interpretation of Test Results
|
IgG Antibody Level |
Interpretation |
|
> 0.1 IU/mL |
Sufficient immunity; no booster needed. |
|
0.01 - 0.1 IU/mL |
Partial immunity; booster may be recommended |
|
< 0.01 IU/mL |
Insufficient immunity; booster vaccination required |
FAQs
How long does tetanus immunity last?
Immunity from the tetanus vaccine typically lasts 10 years, after which a booster dose is recommended.
What happens if I have low IgG levels?
A tetanus booster shot will be recommended to maintain protective immunity.
Can this test diagnose tetanus infection?
No, it only assesses antibody levels and does not diagnose an active infection.
How long does it take to receive results?
Results are usually available within 2 to 5 days, depending on the laboratory.
What should I do if I get injured and my antibody levels are low?
You may need a tetanus toxoid booster and possibly tetanus immune globulin (TIG) if the wound is high-risk.
Related tests
Tests At Lupin Diagnostics