LupiKavach Pre-Operative (Pre-Op Package) Test
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The LupiKavach Pre Operative/ Surgery Package offers a comprehensive range of blood and urine tests designed to evaluate an individual’s health status prior to the planned operative procedure (surgery). These assessments are important for detecting any underlying medical issues that might impact the surgical procedure or the recovery journey.
What is LupiKavach Pre Operative / Surgery Package Used For?
The LupiKavach Pre Operative / Surgery Package is done:
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To evaluate the general health status prior to the surgery.
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To detect any potential health issues that may impact the surgical procedure or the recovery process.
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To establish baseline measurements of critical indicators, including blood cell counts, prior to surgery.
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To customize the surgical technique and postoperative care plans according to the patient's specific health profile.
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To ensure comprehensive preparation for surgery by addressing any identified health concerns.
Who Should Get Tested?
The LupiKavach Pre Operative / Surgery Package is advised for those who are scheduled to undergo a surgical procedure. This test package provides your healthcare provider with comprehensive information regarding any medical conditions that may need attention before the surgery. In addition, these evaluations may reveal if you will need specialized attention during or after the procedure.
Which Tests are Included in LupiKavach Pre Operative / Surgery Package Test?
The LupiKavach Pre Operative / Surgery Package offers the following tests:
Complete Haemogram (CBC + ESR): Evaluates blood components (RBC, WBC, Hb, platelets, etc.) and inflammation (ESR) to assess overall health.
Blood Group ABO and Rh Typing: Identifies the blood type and assesses the presence or absence of the Rhesus (Rh) factor.
Random Blood Glucose: Determines the glucose level in the blood sample at any random time during the day.
Creatinine: Measures the creatinine levels in the blood. Creatinine is a waste product produced by the muscles as a result of routine metabolic activity.
Complete Urine Examination: Analyzes urine's physical and chemical properties to diagnose urinary tract infections, kidney diseases, and metabolic disorders.
Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) Rapid: Detects hepatitis B antigen in the blood. It is useful in finding out if an individual has a recent or long-standing infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
Hepatitis C Antibodies (HCV) Rapid: Determines whether antibodies specific to hepatitis C are present or absent in the bloodstream. It serves as a valuable tool for screening and diagnosing hepatitis C infection, particularly in individuals who are at high risk.
HIV 1 & 2 Ab & p24 Ag (Combo) Rapid: Detects both the antibodies associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the p24 antigen, a protein that appears on the surface of cells infected by the HIV virus within the blood.
Prothrombin Time (PT-INR): Measures the duration required for a clot to develop in a blood sample. The outcomes of the test are typically reported in seconds or as the International Normalized Ratio (INR).
Preparation for Test
It is recommended to undergo overnight fasting, although it is not mandatory. Provide comprehensive clinical details along with your medication history, as this information is crucial for the accurate interpretation of your test results.
Interpretation of Test Results
Complete Haemogram (CBC + ESR)
| Parameters | Normal ranges |
|---|---|
| RBC | 4.2 to 6.1 million cells/mcL |
| WBC | 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mcL |
| Platelet | 150,000 to 450,000/dL |
| Hb | 13.8 to 17.2 gm/dL (male) 12.1 to 15.1 gm/dL (female) |
| Hematocrit | 40.7% to 50.3% (male) 36.1% to 44.3% (female) |
| MCV | 80 to 95 femtoliter |
| MCH | 27 to 31 pg/cell |
| MCHC | 32 to 36 gm/dL |
| ESR | 0 to 15 mm/hr (men) 0 to 20 mm/hr (women) |
- Abnormal levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, or RBCs can be signs of anemia, heart disease, or iron deficiency.
- Low white blood cell count may be due to a bone marrow disorder, autoimmune disorder, or cancer.
- High white blood cell count may be due to inflammation, infection, or a reaction to a medication.
- High ESR may be an indication of the conditions that cause inflammation such as arthritis, kidney diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, infections, heart diseases, and certain cancers.
- Low ESR may be an indication of blood disorders such as polycythemia, sickle cell disease, leucocytosis, and certain kidney and liver problems.
Blood Group ABO and Rh Typing
Blood groups and their recipients
A. ABO blood groups and their antigens
| Blood Group | Antibody present | Antigen present |
|---|---|---|
| Type A | Anti-B | Antigen A |
| Type B | Anti- A | Antigen B |
| Type AB | No antibodies | No antibodies |
| Type O | Both Anti A and B | No antigens |
B. ABO blood transfusions
| Blood Group | Recipient (Blood receiver) |
|---|---|
| Type A | A, O |
| Type B | B, O |
| Type AB (Universal recipient) | A, B, AB, O |
| Type O (Universal donor) | O |
C. Rh factor compatibility
| Rh factor | Recipient (Blood receiver) |
|---|---|
| Rh+ | Both Rh+ and Rh- |
| Rh- | Only Rh- |
Random Blood Glucose
| Random Blood Sugar (mg/dl) | Result indicated |
|---|---|
| Less than 140 | Normal |
| Between 140-199 | Pre-diabetes |
| 200 and above | Diabetes |
High glucose levels could mean you may have the following conditions:
- Diabetes
- Hyperthyroidism
- Pancreas disorder
- Stress following surgery
- A life-threatening illness or trauma
Creatinine
| Creatinine levels | Men | Women | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | 0.7-1.3 | 0.6-1.1 | mg/dL |
| 61.9-114.9 | 53- 97.2 | µmol/L |
Creatinine test is used by healthcare providers to help diagnose and monitor various causes of kidney diseases and the risk of various metabolic diseases like diabetes, liver damage, and high blood pressure.
Higher-than-normal levels of creatinine may be due to underlying disease conditions like:
- Hypovolemia (dehydration)
- Breakdown of muscle fibers (rhabdomyolysis)
- Preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy)
- Kidney diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, and acute tubular necrosis
- Urinary tract obstruction
Lower-than-normal levels of creatinine may be due to the following conditions:
- Decrease in muscle mass
- Low protein diet
- Malnutrition
- Over-hydration
Complete Urine Examination
| Test | Normal value |
|---|---|
| Colour | Yellow |
| Clarity | Clear or cloudy |
| Bilirubin | Negative |
| Glucose | Negative or trace |
| Hemoglobin/blood | Negative or trace |
| Ketones | Negative, none or trace |
| Protein | Negative or trace |
| Leukocyte esterase | Negative or trace |
| Nitrite | Negative |
| Urine pH | 5.0 - 8.0 |
| Urine specific gravity | 1.005 - 1.030 |
| Bacteria | None or negative |
| Casts | 0/LPF (low powered field) |
| Urine RBC | 0-3/HPF (high powered field) |
| Urine WBC | 0-5/HPF |
| Yeast | None or negative |
- Urine usually contains a variety of chemicals and substances. It is generally clear with a light yellow colour. The pH level should be between 4.5 and 8, indicating its acidity or alkalinity.
- Urine is typically free of protein, glucose, and ketones. Under a microscope, a normal examination will reveal up to 5 red blood cells, 5 white blood cells, and no bacteria. Any results that deviate from these may indicate a specific health issue.
Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) Rapid
The HBsAg rapid test may come out as positive, negative, or invalid.
Positive result
A positive (reactive) test appears in the form of two coloured lines: one line in the test area (P=positive) and one in the control area (C=control). Even a faint line in the test area signifies a reactive test result. This indicates that the sample contains HBsAg.
Negative result
A negative (non-reactive) test shows only one coloured line in the control area. This indicates that the sample does not contain HBsAg.
Invalid result
If the control line is also not visible, the test result is considered to be invalid.
NOTE: This test is only a qualitative screening assay, and it does not rule out Hepatitis B infection as HBsAg may not be present in sufficient quantity to be detected during the early stages of infection.
Hepatitis C Antibodies (HCV) Rapid
The test results of the hepatitis C antibody test are given as either positive or negative.
Positive test results: The positive test results show that hepatitis C-specific antibodies are present, which could suggest:
1. You are likely to have a hepatitis C infection, or
2. You have had a hepatitis C infection in the past and have developed immunity against it.
Negative test results: The negative test results indicate there were no antibodies specific to hepatitis C infection found in your blood. Therefore, you do not have an infection.
HIV 1 & 2 Ab & p24 Ag (Combo) Rapid
Positive test result
A positive result indicates the presence of HIV viruses in your sample. It is essential to undergo a follow-up test to verify the HIV diagnosis. Should the follow-up test also return a positive result for HIV, it confirms that you are infected with the virus. It is important to seek guidance from your healthcare provider regarding treatment options and disease management.
Negative test result
A negative result indicates that no HIV viruses were detected in your sample. However, it is important to note that this does not definitively confirm the absence of HIV. The interval between potential HIV exposure and the ability to detect the virus through testing varies depending on the specific type of HIV test administered. If you receive a negative result after the window period and have not had any new exposures during that time, it indicates that you are likely not infected with HIV. It may be advisable to undergo further testing after a period of four weeks.
Prothrombin Time (PT-INR)
Prothrombin time is usually reported in seconds; however, for those who are on warfarin, the results will be reported in terms of the International Normalized Ratio (INR).
Normal results vary based on the warfarin use in individuals.
| People who do not take warfarin | INR 0.8 – 1.1 |
|---|---|
| People who take warfarin | INR 2.0 – 3.0 |
| In seconds | 11 – 13.5 seconds |
Prothrombin time in seconds (for people who do not consume warfarin):
- Higher than normal ranges may be an indication of blood taking longer than usual to clot.
- Lower than normal ranges may be an indication of blood clotting more quickly than expected.
- Abnormal clotting times can result from insufficient vitamin K, which is vital for blood clotting, liver conditions, or a deficiency in the factors that help with coagulation.
Prothrombin time in INR (for people who take warfarin):
- Low levels of INR values (<2.0) may mean that your blood is clotting more quickly than normal, and you may be at risk for dangerous blood clots.
- Elevated INR levels (>3.0) could indicate that your blood is clotting more slowly than usual, putting you at a higher risk of bleeding.
FAQ LupiKavach Pre Operative
A complete urine examination requires a urine sample, and a blood sample is necessary for the other tests in this package.
During a blood test, you may feel a bit of pain or see some bruising at the site where the needle is inserted, but these symptoms usually disappear quickly. The process of collecting urine is completely safe and carries no risks.
Depending on your health situation and the kind of surgery you are undergoing, the timing for the LupiKavach Pre Operative / Surgery Package can vary. Generally, these tests are performed a few days to weeks ahead of the scheduled procedure. Your doctor will let you know the best time for you to have these tests done.
You will get the results of your tests along with a summary of your overall health condition. If needed, follow-up appointments may be arranged to address any concerns or to complete the necessary preparations for the upcoming surgery. Follow any specific guidelines given by your healthcare provider about getting ready for surgery, including any dietary restrictions or changes to your medications.
If you choose not to undergo the pre-operative assessment, you might face a higher risk of complications from unaddressed health concerns. This could lead to postponements in your surgery and poor planning for the procedure, which may compromise your safety and the effectiveness of the treatment, ultimately affecting how well you recover.
LupiKavach Pre-Operative (Pre-Op Package) Test
