IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 Test
About IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 Test
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Cyclin D1 IHC, BCL-1, PRAD1, CCND1 IHC |
| Sample Type | Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue block (obtained via biopsy or surgical excision) |
| Fasting Required | No fasting required |
| Report Time | 7 days |
| Recommended For | Adults of all genders with suspected lymphoma, breast cancer, or other cancers where Cyclin D1 expression is relevant |
| Price | Starting at ₹1,920 |
What is an IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 Test?
The IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 test is a specialised laboratory test that detects the presence and quantity of a protein called cyclin D1 in tumour tissue. This protein plays a key role in controlling how and when cells divide. When it is overexpressed, meaning present in abnormally high amounts, it can signal uncontrolled cell growth linked to certain cancers.
The test is also referred to as Cyclin D1 IHC, CCND1 IHC, or BCL-1, and it is performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), a technique that uses targeted antibodies to stain specific proteins in tissue samples.
What Does an IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 Test Measure?
This test examines a tissue sample to assess cyclin D1 protein expression at the cellular level.
The table below explains the key aspects evaluated:
| Parameter | What It Tells Us |
|---|---|
| Cyclin D1 protein expression | Whether the protein is absent, low, or overexpressed in the tumour cells |
| Pattern of staining | Nuclear positivity in at least 5% of tumour cell nuclei is generally considered a positive result |
| Distribution in tissue | Whether staining is focal (in patches) or diffuse (spread widely), which helps classify the type of cancer |
Cyclin D1 normally helps cells move from a resting state into active growth. When overexpressed or mutated, it can drive uncontrolled cell division, a defining feature of many cancers.
Why is an IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 Test Done?
A doctor may request this test when cancer is suspected and further tissue-level analysis is needed to confirm or classify the diagnosis.
Common Symptoms That May Require This Test
The following symptoms may prompt a doctor to order this test, usually alongside a biopsy:
- Persistently enlarged lymph nodes
- Unexplained fatigue lasting several weeks
- Night sweats without an obvious cause
- Unexplained weight loss
- Recurrent or prolonged fevers
- Abdominal discomfort or noticeable swelling
- A suspicious mass or lump detected on imaging
Conditions This Test Can Help Detect
The IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 Test can help identify several conditions:
- Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a rare and aggressive subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Hairy cell leukaemia, where increased Cyclin D1 levels are commonly found
- Invasive breast carcinoma
- Multiple myeloma, in a subset of cases
- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Endometrial carcinoma
- Parathyroid adenomas
How to Prepare and What to Expect
No special preparation is needed before undergoing this test, but there are a few things to keep in mind before your appointment.
Do You Need to Fast?
No fasting is required for this test. The sample is tissue, not blood or urine, so eating or drinking before the procedure does not affect the result.
Practical Tips Before Your Test
The following steps will help ensure a smooth experience:
- Bring a detailed clinical history, including your symptoms, previous test results, and any relevant family history, as this is required for accurate test interpretation.
- Carry your original histopathology report and any recent imaging or radiology reports if available.
- Inform your doctor of all medications and supplements you are currently taking.
- Follow any specific instructions given by your doctor or the laboratory regarding sample submission.
Step-by-Step Procedure
The Cyclin D1 IHC test procedure involves several stages, from tissue collection to laboratory analysis:
- A tissue sample is collected from the affected area, such as a lymph node, breast tissue, or bone marrow, through a biopsy using a needle or a surgical procedure.
- The collected tissue is placed in a formalin solution for fixation, a process that preserves the tissue structure.
- The fixed tissue is embedded in a paraffin wax block, known as an FFPE tissue block, which is then dispatched to the laboratory.
- Thin sections are cut from the paraffin block and placed on glass slides in the laboratory.
- Specialised antibodies that bind to the cyclin D1 protein are applied to the slides, staining any cells that express this protein.
- A qualified pathologist examines the stained slides under a microscope and prepares a detailed report.
Factors That Can Affect Accuracy
The following factors may influence the reliability of results:
- Inadequate or delayed tissue fixation, which is the most critical step in the process
- Incorrect handling or storage of the tissue block during transport
- Quality of the antibodies used in the staining procedure
- Insufficient antigen retrieval during laboratory processing
- Incomplete or missing clinical history, which can affect interpretation
Understanding Your IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 Test Results
Results from this test are qualitative and must always be reviewed by a qualified pathologist in the context of your full clinical picture.
The table below provides a general guide to interpretation:
| Result | Typical Finding | Possible Implication |
|---|---|---|
| Negative | Less than 5% nuclear staining in tumour cells | May suggest absence of Cyclin D1-associated malignancies such as MCL |
| Weakly positive | Low-level staining in a subpopulation of cells | May be seen in hairy cell leukaemia or certain other conditions |
| Strongly positive | Diffuse, strong nuclear staining in tumour cells | Associated with mantle cell lymphoma, invasive breast carcinoma, or other cancers |
Disclaimer: These ranges are general guidelines. Your doctor will interpret your results based on your age, health history, and other factors. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalised medical advice.
In normal tissues, some basal epithelial, endothelial, and stromal cells may show cyclin D1 positivity. A negative result in B-cell lymphomas may suggest other subtypes such as follicular lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma.
How to Maintain Healthy Levels
Because cyclin D1 expression in tumour tissue is not influenced by lifestyle choices, there are no dietary or exercise-based ways to alter this marker. However, the following general habits support overall health:
- Attend regular health check-ups, particularly if you have a family history of lymphoma or breast cancer.
- Report any new or persistent symptoms to your doctor promptly for early evaluation.
- Maintain a balanced diet and an active lifestyle to support your general wellbeing.
Lupin Diagnostics IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 Test Price
The IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 test cost at Lupin Diagnostics starts at ₹1,920. This test requires a visit to a Lupin Diagnostics centre, as home collection is not available. The FFPE tissue block or slides must be submitted directly at the centre for laboratory processing.
| City | Approximate Price (₹) |
|---|---|
| BHOPAL | 1920 |
| CHENNAI | 1920 |
| HYDERABAD | 1920 |
| KOLKATA | 1920 |
| NAVI MUMBAI | 1920 |
| PUNE | 1920 |
Disclaimer: Prices are indicative and may vary by location. Please confirm the current price at the time of booking.
How to Book
Follow these steps to make an IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 test online booking through Lupin Diagnostics:
- Select the test on the Lupin Diagnostics website.
- Choose your city and preferred centre location.
- Visit the centre at your scheduled time for sample submission.
- Receive your report via email or WhatsApp within the stipulated turnaround time.
Frequently Asked Questions
This test is used primarily to help diagnose mantle cell lymphoma, a rare type of blood cancer. It is also used to evaluate certain breast cancers and other malignancies where cyclin D1 overexpression is relevant. The result is always interpreted alongside other tests and clinical findings.
The sample is obtained through a biopsy, where a small piece of tissue is removed from the suspected area using a needle or a minor surgical procedure. The type of biopsy depends on the location of the suspected tumour, and your doctor will explain the specific approach beforehand.
No special preparation is needed. However, you should bring a detailed clinical history, your original histopathology report, and any relevant imaging results when submitting your sample. Your doctor may provide additional instructions based on your specific situation.
A positive result means that cyclin D1 protein is overexpressed in the tissue sample. This finding is commonly associated with mantle cell lymphoma but may also be seen in certain breast cancers, multiple myeloma, and other solid tumours. Your doctor will interpret this result in the context of all available clinical information.
Yes, as with any diagnostic test, false positive or false negative results are possible. Factors such as improper tissue fixation, handling errors, or technical issues during staining can occasionally affect the outcome. This is why results are always reviewed alongside other clinical and pathological findings.
At Lupin Diagnostics, the IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 Test report is delivered within 7 days. Processing time may vary slightly depending on the condition of the submitted sample.
The interpretation of immunohistochemistry results depends heavily on context. A pathologist needs your symptoms, previous diagnoses, imaging findings, and other test results to give an accurate assessment. Submitting incomplete information may affect the reliability of the report.
IHC Marker-Cyclin D1 Test
