IHC Marker - CD41 Test
About IHC Marker - CD41 Test
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | CD41 IHC, IHC-CD41, Integrin Alpha-IIb, Glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb), Platelet GPIIb Marker, ITGA2B Marker, Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb |
| Sample Type | Tissue biopsy (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded block) |
| Fasting Required | No fasting required |
| Report Time | 3 days |
| Recommended For | All ages and genders; primarily for suspected blood cancers and platelet disorders |
| Price | Starting at ₹1,920 |
What is an IHC Marker - CD41 Test?
The CD41 Test is a specialised laboratory test that identifies a protein called CD41 (also known as Glycoprotein IIb or integrin alpha-IIb) in tissue samples. This protein is found on platelets (the blood cells that help with clotting) and megakaryocytes (the large bone marrow cells that produce platelets). Doctors use the IHC-CD41 test to determine whether abnormal cells in a tissue sample belong to the platelet-producing family of cells. The test is performed on a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue block, using a technique called immunohistochemistry.
What Does an IHC Marker - CD41 Test Measure?
The CD41 IHC test uses specialised antibodies that attach specifically to the CD41 protein on the surface of cells. A pathologist then examines the stained tissue under a microscope to interpret the results. The key markers assessed are listed below.
| Marker | What It Identifies |
|---|---|
| CD41 protein expression | Presence of platelet-forming (megakaryocytic) lineage cells in tissue |
| Megakaryocytic lineage | Confirms whether blast cells (immature blood cells) originate from platelet-producing cells |
| Staining pattern | Helps distinguish leukaemia subtypes and platelet-related disorders |
The test does not react with lymphoid (immune) cells or other blood cell types, making it specific and useful for narrowing down a diagnosis.
Why is an IHC Marker - CD41 Test Done?
Doctors order this test when a patient shows signs that may point to a blood cancer or platelet disorder. Below are the common reasons for requesting this test.
Common Symptoms That May Require This Test
The following symptoms may prompt a doctor to order a CD41 Test:
- Unexplained anaemia (feeling tired, weak, or short of breath)
- Easy or unusual bruising
- Bleeding that is difficult to stop
- Frequent nosebleeds or bleeding gums
- Petechiae (tiny red or purple dots on the skin)
- Bone or joint pain
- Enlarged spleen (a feeling of fullness or discomfort in the upper left abdomen)
- Persistent fever without a clear cause
- Recurrent infections
Conditions This Test Can Help Detect
The CD41 IHC test can assist in identifying several conditions. These include:
- Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL), a rare type of blood cancer arising from abnormal platelet-producing cells
- Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in megakaryocytic blast crisis, where the disease transforms into an aggressive form
- Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a group of conditions where bone marrow does not produce enough healthy blood cells
- Glanzmann thrombasthenia, a rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by absent or defective CD41 expression on platelets
How to Prepare and What to Expect
Preparation for this test is straightforward since the CD41 Test procedure is performed on tissue already collected via biopsy. Here is what to know before and during the process.
Do You Need to Fast?
No fasting is required. The test is carried out on a tissue sample, not on blood drawn at the time of your visit. There are no dietary restrictions before the biopsy or sample submission.
Practical Tips Before Your Test
Keep the following points in mind before the test:
- Bring a detailed clinical history, including your symptoms, previous test results, and current diagnoses, as this is required for the test.
- Inform your doctor about any blood-thinning medications you take, as these may increase bleeding risk during a biopsy.
- Carry a valid prescription from your treating doctor.
- Make a note of all current medications for your medical team.
Step-by-Step Procedure
The CD41 Test procedure follows these steps:
- Your doctor arranges a biopsy, usually a bone marrow biopsy or surgical tissue excision, depending on the suspected condition.
- The collected tissue is placed in formalin to preserve it, then embedded in paraffin wax to create a firm block.
- The laboratory cuts very thin sections from the paraffin block and mounts them on glass slides.
- A process called antigen retrieval is applied to expose the CD41 protein regions that may have been masked during fixation.
- Anti-CD41 antibodies are applied to the tissue sections. If the CD41 protein is present, these antibodies bind to it, producing a visible colour when viewed under a microscope.
- A qualified pathologist examines the stained slides and prepares a report, which is typically ready within 3 days.
Factors That Can Affect Accuracy
Several factors can influence the reliability of the test result:
- Quality of tissue fixation at the time of biopsy
- Correct antigen retrieval technique in the laboratory
- Antibody quality and specificity
- Tissue processing time and method
- Experience and expertise of the interpreting pathologist
Understanding Your IHC Marker - CD41 Test Results
Results from the CD41 IHC test are interpreted by a trained pathologist in the context of your overall clinical picture. The table below gives a general guide to understanding the staining patterns.
| Result | Typical Finding | Possible Significance |
|---|---|---|
| CD41 Positive (Megakaryocytes and Platelets) | Expected expression in platelet-forming cells | Normal megakaryocytic lineage |
| CD41 Positive (Blast Cells) | Abnormal expression in immature blood cells | May support a diagnosis of Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukaemia or acute myeloid leukaemia with megakaryocytic differentiation |
| CD41 Absent or Reduced (Platelets) | Reduced or absent expression on platelets | May be seen in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia |
| CD41 Negative (Lymphocytes and Most Other Cells) | Expected finding | Normal; helps confirm non-megakaryocytic lineage |
These ranges are general guidelines. Your doctor will interpret your results based on your age, health history, and other factors. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalised medical advice.
How to Maintain Healthy Levels
This test is a diagnostic marker, not a routine screening tool. The following general tips support overall blood health:
- Eat a balanced diet rich in iron, folate, and vitamin B12 to support healthy blood cell production.
- Report any unusual bleeding, bruising, or fatigue to your doctor without delay.
- Attend all follow-up appointments as advised by your treating specialist.
Lupin Diagnostics IHC Marker - CD41 Test Price
The CD41 Test cost at Lupin Diagnostics starts at ₹1,920. This test requires a visit to a Lupin Diagnostics centre; home collection is not available because it is performed on tissue samples obtained via biopsy at a medical facility.
| City | Approximate Price (₹) |
|---|---|
| BHOPAL | 1920 |
| CHENNAI | 1920 |
| HYDERABAD | 1920 |
| KOLKATA | 1920 |
| NAVI MUMBAI | 1920 |
| PUNE | 1920 |
Prices are indicative and may vary by location. Please confirm the current price at the time of booking.
How to Book
Follow these steps to complete the CD41 test online booking at Lupin Diagnostics:
- Select the test on the Lupin Diagnostics website.
- Choose your city and preferred centre location.
- Visit the centre at your scheduled time to submit a sample or coordinate a biopsy.
- Receive your report via email or WhatsApp within the stipulated turnaround time.
Frequently Asked Questions
The CD41 Test identifies cells of the megakaryocytic (platelet-producing) lineage in tissue samples. It is primarily used to diagnose acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia, differentiate between leukaemia subtypes, and detect platelet-related disorders such as Glanzmann thrombasthenia.
No, the CD41 Test home collection is not available. The test requires a tissue sample obtained through a biopsy performed at a medical facility. The FFPE tissue block is then submitted to the Lupin Diagnostics centre for analysis.
Results are typically ready within 3 days. The turnaround may vary slightly depending on the complexity of the tissue processing and the pathologist's interpretation.
No fasting is required. The test is performed on tissue already collected, not on a fresh blood sample. There are no food or drink restrictions for this test.
Positive CD41 staining in blast cells suggests those cells are of megakaryocytic origin. This finding can help a pathologist diagnose conditions such as acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. Normal megakaryocytes and platelets also stain positive, which is an expected finding.
Yes. Absent or significantly reduced CD41 expression on platelets may point to Glanzmann thrombasthenia, a rare inherited condition where platelets do not function properly due to defective or missing CD41 protein. The result is always interpreted alongside clinical history and other tests.
The CD41 Test procedure uses immunohistochemistry, a technique that requires tissue sections mounted on glass slides. A blood sample does not provide the structural detail a pathologist needs to evaluate cell morphology and protein expression together. Tissue from a biopsy offers this level of detail.
IHC Marker - CD41 Test: Booking, Price, and Results
