IHC Marker - CD35 Test
About IHC Marker - CD35 Test
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | CD35 Immunostain, Complement Receptor 1 (CR1), CR1/CD35 IHC, C3b/C4b receptor, Erythrocyte Complement Receptor 1 |
| Sample Type | Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue block |
| Fasting Required | No |
| Report Time | 3 Days |
| Recommended For | All genders and ages, when clinically indicated |
| Price | Starting at ₹1,920 |
What is an IHC Marker - CD35 Test?
The IHC marker - CD35 test is a specialised laboratory test that detects the presence of the CD35 protein in a tissue sample. It uses immunohistochemistry (IHC), a technique where specific antibodies bind to target proteins in the tissue, allowing a pathologist to visualise them under a microscope. Also known as the CD35 immunostain or CR1/CD35 IHC, this test is requested when a doctor suspects certain rare tumours or lymphoproliferative disorders. The sample required is a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue block obtained from a biopsy or surgical procedure.
What Does an IHC Marker - CD35 Test Measure?
This test identifies the CD35 protein, also called Complement Receptor 1 (CR1), within tissue sections. The table below explains what is assessed.
| Component | What It Tells Us |
|---|---|
| CD35 protein expression | Whether the CD35 protein is present in the tissue cells |
| Staining pattern | Which cell types are positive (e.g., follicular dendritic cells, granulocytes) |
| Staining intensity | How strongly the protein is expressed in the tissue |
CD35 is found on the surface of several cell types, including follicular dendritic cells, certain white blood cells, and some B-cells. Its primary role is in the complement system, which helps the immune system clear foreign particles from the body.
Why is an IHC Marker - CD35 Test Done?
Doctors request the CD35 test to investigate unexplained tissue changes detected during a biopsy. It is part of a broader panel of markers used in tissue diagnosis.
Common Symptoms That May Require This Test
The following symptoms may prompt a doctor to request this and related tests:
- Persistent, painless swelling of lymph nodes
- Unexplained lumps in the neck, armpit, or groin
- Abdominal masses or discomfort
- Unexplained fatigue or weight loss
- Drenching night sweats
- Fever with no clear cause
- Frequent infections
Conditions This Test Can Help Detect
A pathologist may use the CD35 immunostain as part of diagnosing the following conditions:
- Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, a rare tumour arising from specialised immune cells in lymphoid tissue
- Mantle cell lymphoma and low-grade follicular lymphomas, where expanded follicular dendritic cell networks are identified
- Nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease
- Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), where reduced CD35 expression can support diagnosis
- Low-grade MALT lymphomas
- Lymphoid hyperplasias requiring tissue characterisation
How to Prepare and What to Expect
No dietary preparation is needed for this test. However, there are important practical steps to follow before submitting your sample.
Do You Need to Fast?
No fasting is required. This test is performed on a tissue block already collected during a biopsy or surgical procedure, so there are no dietary restrictions.
Practical Tips Before Your Test
Keep the following in mind before submitting your sample:
- Bring the original FFPE tissue block (paraffin-embedded wax block) from your biopsy or surgery
- Carry your original histopathology report, if available
- Bring a detailed clinical history, including your symptoms, previous test results, and any relevant family history, as this is required for the test
- Inform the laboratory about any medications you are currently taking
- Ensure the tissue block is stored at room temperature (18 to 28 degrees Celsius) during transport
Step-by-Step Procedure
The CD35 test procedure involves the following steps:
- A tissue biopsy is performed by a healthcare professional at a clinical facility; this step happens before the IHC test itself.
- The collected tissue is fixed in formalin for 18 to 24 hours to preserve its structure, then dehydrated and embedded in paraffin wax to create the FFPE block.
- The FFPE block is submitted to the Lupin Diagnostics laboratory along with your clinical history.
- Laboratory technologists cut thin sections from the block and apply specific antibodies that bind to the CD35 protein.
- The stained sections are examined under a microscope by a qualified pathologist, who assesses the staining pattern and intensity.
- A detailed report is prepared and delivered within the stipulated turnaround time.
Factors That Can Affect Accuracy
The following factors may influence the quality of results:
- Age of the tissue block or cut paraffin section, as older sections may show reduced immunoreactivity
- Quality of tissue fixation at the time of biopsy
- Storage conditions of the tissue block before submission
- Adequacy of the biopsy sample size
- Laboratory technique and antibody quality
Understanding Your IHC Marker - CD35 Test Results
Results for this test are qualitative and are reported as positive or negative, along with notes on staining pattern and intensity. A pathologist reviews findings alongside your clinical history and other diagnostic tests.
| Result | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| Positive | CD35 protein detected in the tissue sample |
| Negative | CD35 protein not detected in the tissue sample |
Disclaimer: These ranges are general guidelines. Your doctor will interpret your results based on your age, health history, and other factors. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalised medical advice.
A positive result may indicate the presence of follicular dendritic cells, which can point towards conditions such as follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, certain lymphomas, or normal lymphoid tissue architecture.
A negative result may help rule out these conditions or, in the context of B-cell disorders, reduced CD35 expression may support a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
Results During Special Conditions
Certain underlying conditions can influence CD35 expression in tissue:
- In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), CD35 expression on cell surfaces is known to decrease significantly, which may affect interpretation in affected patients.
- Reduced CD35 expression has also been noted in conditions such as sarcoidosis, gallbladder carcinomas, and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, and should be considered when reviewing results.
How to Maintain Healthy Levels
Because CD35 is part of the immune system, general immune health practices are relevant:
- Eat a balanced diet with adequate vitamins and minerals to support immune function.
- Attend regular health check-ups as advised by your doctor, especially if you have a known immune or blood disorder.
- Follow your treating doctor's guidance if you have received a diagnosis requiring further management.
Lupin Diagnostics IHC Marker - CD35 Test Price
The CD35 test cost at Lupin Diagnostics starts at ₹1,920. This test requires a visit to a Lupin Diagnostics centre or submission of the FFPE tissue block through a collection centre; home collection is not available for this test.
| City | Approximate Price (₹) |
|---|---|
| BHOPAL | 1920 |
| CHENNAI | 1920 |
| HYDERABAD | 1920 |
| KOLKATA | 1920 |
| NAVI MUMBAI | 1920 |
| PUNE | 1920 |
Prices are indicative and may vary by location. Please confirm the current price at the time of booking.
How to Book
Follow these steps to book the CD35 test online or through a centre:
- Select the IHC marker - CD35 test on the Lupin Diagnostics website.
- Choose your city and preferred centre location.
- Visit the centre at your scheduled time to submit the FFPE tissue block along with the required clinical history.
- Receive your report via email or WhatsApp within the stipulated turnaround time.
Frequently Asked Questions
The CD35 test identifies the CD35 protein in tissue samples. It is primarily used to help diagnose follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, a rare tumour, and to classify certain lymphomas and B-cell disorders. It is usually ordered as part of a panel of markers rather than in isolation.
No fasting or dietary preparation is needed. The test is performed on a tissue block already collected during a biopsy. You should bring your clinical history, the original FFPE block, and any previous histopathology reports when submitting the sample.
No, the CD35 test procedure cannot be done at home. It requires a tissue block collected during a biopsy performed in a clinical setting, which is then processed and analysed in an accredited laboratory.
The report is typically delivered within 3 days of the laboratory receiving the tissue block. Turnaround times may vary depending on the complexity of the case.
A positive result means that the CD35 protein was detected in the tissue. This may indicate the presence of follicular dendritic cells or related tumour cells. A pathologist will interpret this finding alongside other markers and your clinical history to reach a diagnosis.
No. The CD35 immunostain is typically used as part of a broader panel of follicular dendritic cell markers, which may include CD21, CD23, clusterin, and others. Using multiple markers together improves diagnostic accuracy, particularly because tumour cells can sometimes lose individual markers.
The IHC test itself carries no direct risks. Any discomfort or side effects, such as mild pain, bruising, or swelling, are related to the biopsy procedure used to collect the tissue, not to the IHC analysis performed in the laboratory.
IHC Marker - CD35 Test: Booking, Price, and Results
