IHC Marker: CD21 Test: Booking, Price, and Results
About IHC Marker: CD21 Test: Booking, Price, and Results
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | CR2 (Complement Receptor 2), C3d Receptor, EBV Receptor, Follicular Dendritic Cell Marker |
| Sample Type | Tissue (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy block) |
| Fasting Required | No |
| Report Time | 3 Days |
| Recommended For | All genders and ages when lymphoma or dendritic cell tumours are suspected |
| Price | Starting at ₹2,500 |
What is an IHC Marker: CD21 Test?
The IHC marker CD21 test is a specialised laboratory test that detects the CD21 protein in tissue samples using a technique called 'immunohistochemistry'. CD21, also known as Complement Receptor 2 (CR2), is found on follicular dendritic cells and mature B cells in the immune system. Doctors order this test when a biopsy suggests the possibility of lymphoma or a related condition affecting the lymphatic system. The test uses a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue block obtained during a prior biopsy or surgical procedure.
What Does an IHC Marker: CD21 Test Measure?
The IHC marker CD21 test procedure analyses CD21 protein expression in tissue to reveal how follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are arranged and distributed. FDCs are specialised immune cells that sit within lymphoid follicles and help B cells grow and develop. The table below outlines what the test evaluates.
| Parameter | What It Assesses |
|---|---|
| CD21 staining pattern | Presence and distribution of CD21 protein on follicular dendritic cells |
| FDC meshwork integrity | Whether the normal network of dendritic cells within lymph node follicles is preserved or disrupted |
The CD21 molecule also acts as a receptor for the Epstein-Barr virus and transmits growth signals inside B cells, making it a clinically useful marker for classifying lymphoid conditions.
Why is an IHC Marker: CD21 Test Done?
A pathologist or haematologist may request this test after an initial biopsy raises concern about lymphoid tissue abnormalities.
Common Symptoms That May Require This Test
The following symptoms may lead a doctor to investigate further with a tissue biopsy and subsequent IHC testing:
- Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin that persist without an obvious cause
- Unexplained fatigue lasting several weeks
- Persistent low-grade fever without infection
- Night sweats that are excessive or frequent
- Unexplained weight loss over a short period
Conditions This Test Can Help Detect
The IHC marker CD21 test helps a pathologist identify or classify several lymphoid and dendritic cell conditions, including:
- Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, a rare tumour arising from FDCs
- Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), where CD21 is considered one of the most important diagnostic markers
- Follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and low-grade MALT lymphoma, characterised by expanded FDC meshworks
- Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease
- B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and related mature lymphoid malignancies
- Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, helping distinguish it from true lymphoma
How to Prepare and What to Expect
No special preparation is required for this test since it uses tissue already collected during a biopsy. However, a few practical steps will help ensure the process runs smoothly.
Do You Need to Fast?
No fasting is required. This test is performed on a tissue block, not a blood sample, so dietary restrictions do not apply.
Practical Tips Before Your Test
Keep the following in mind when submitting your sample:
- Bring your doctor's referral letter, which should include the biopsy site details and a brief clinical history, as this information is required for the test
- Carry any existing histopathology reports if you are submitting a paraffin block
- Bring relevant imaging reports such as CT scans, MRIs, PET scans, or X-rays
- Inform your doctor about all current medications before the biopsy is performed
- No separate procedures are needed for this test; it uses tissue already obtained during a prior biopsy or surgery
Step-by-Step Procedure
The IHC marker CD21 test procedure involves the following:
- A doctor collects tissue through a needle biopsy, incisional biopsy, or surgical removal at an appropriate clinical facility.
- The tissue is placed in formalin solution to preserve it, then embedded in a paraffin wax block to create the FFPE block used for testing.
- Very thin slices of the block are cut using a precision instrument called a microtome.
- The tissue sections are treated with antibodies that bind specifically to the CD21 protein, then stained with a coloured agent so the protein is visible under a microscope.
- A qualified pathologist examines the staining pattern and assesses how follicular dendritic cells are distributed within the tissue.
- A detailed report is prepared and delivered within the stipulated turnaround time.
Factors That Can Affect Accuracy
Several factors related to tissue handling can influence the quality of the staining:
- Type, concentration, and duration of formalin fixation (ideally 24 to 48 hours for best results)
- Size of the tissue specimen submitted
- Quality and condition of the paraffin block
- Proper storage and transport of the tissue at ambient temperature (18 to 28 degrees Celsius)
Understanding Your IHC Marker: CD21 Test Results
Results from the IHC marker CD21 test are qualitative rather than numerical. A pathologist interprets the staining pattern in the context of the full tissue section and clinical history.
| Staining Finding | Typical Interpretation |
|---|---|
| CD21 positive, intact FDC meshwork | Normal lymphoid architecture; no evidence of lymphoma or dendritic cell neoplasm |
| Expanded or disrupted FDC meshwork | May indicate AITL, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, or MALT lymphoma |
| Tumour cells positive for CD21 | Consistent with follicular dendritic cell sarcoma |
| Sparse or absent FDC meshwork | May suggest high-grade lymphoma transformation or loss of normal lymphoid architecture |
Disclaimer: These ranges are general guidelines. Your doctor will interpret your results based on your age, health history, and other factors. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalised medical advice.
How to Maintain Healthy Levels
While this test is used for diagnosis rather than routine monitoring, the following general wellness habits support immune health:
- Eat a balanced diet with adequate vitamins and minerals to support immune function
- Exercise regularly and get sufficient sleep each night
- Seek prompt medical attention if you notice persistently swollen lymph nodes or any of the symptoms listed above
Lupin Diagnostics IHC Marker: CD21 Test Price
The IHC marker CD21 test cost starts at ₹2,500 at Lupin Diagnostics. This test requires a visit to a Lupin Diagnostics centre; home collection is not available, as the tissue block must be submitted directly by the patient or their doctor.
| City | Approximate Price (₹) |
|---|---|
| BHOPAL | 2500 |
| CHENNAI | 2500 |
| HYDERABAD | 2500 |
| KOLKATA | 2500 |
| NAVI MUMBAI | 2500 |
| PUNE | 2500 |
Disclaimer: Prices are indicative and may vary by location. Please confirm the current price at the time of booking.
How to Book
Follow these steps to book your IHC marker: CD21 test online at Lupin Diagnostics:
- Select the test on the Lupin Diagnostics website.
- Choose your city and preferred centre location.
- Visit the centre at your scheduled time to submit your FFPE tissue block or unstained slides.
- Receive your report via email or WhatsApp within the stipulated turnaround time.
Frequently Asked Questions
The IHC marker CD21 test identifies follicular dendritic cells within tissue samples. It helps pathologists diagnose conditions such as follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and various subtypes of follicular and mantle cell lymphoma. The results are always interpreted alongside other IHC markers and clinical findings.
No additional procedure is needed specifically for the IHC marker CD21 test. It uses tissue already obtained during a biopsy or surgical procedure carried out by your treating doctor. You simply need to submit the processed paraffin block or unstained slides to the laboratory.
No fasting is required. Because the test is performed on a tissue block rather than blood or urine, there are no dietary restrictions before submission.
The report is typically ready within 3 days. Turnaround time may vary slightly depending on the complexity of the case and whether additional IHC markers are being tested alongside CD21.
No. The IHC marker CD21 test is not available for home collection. The tissue block must be physically submitted at a Lupin Diagnostics centre, as specialised processing equipment is required.
A positive result shows that CD21 protein is present in the tissue. However, the significance depends on the distribution and pattern of staining. Expanded or disrupted patterns can point to specific lymphoma subtypes. A qualified pathologist interprets the finding together with other markers and the full clinical picture.
No. The IHC marker CD21 test is a specialised diagnostic tool ordered only when symptoms, imaging findings, or initial biopsy results suggest a lymphoid or dendritic cell abnormality. It is not included in standard health screening panels.
IHC Marker: CD21 Test: Booking, Price, and Results
