CD22, Flow Cytometry Test
About CD22, Flow Cytometry Test
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | CD22 Pan B Cell Marker, CD22 Immunophenotyping, SIGLEC-2 Marker Test |
| Sample Type | Bone marrow aspirate |
| Fasting Required | No |
| Report Time | 3 days |
| Recommended For | All ages, both genders; typically ordered for suspected blood cancers |
| Price | Starting at ₹2,300 |
What is a CD22, Flow Cytometry Test?
The CD22, Flow Cytometry test is a specialised laboratory test that detects and measures the CD22 protein marker on the surface of B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses. It is used to diagnose and classify blood cancers such as leukaemias and lymphomas. A bone marrow aspirate sample is used for this analysis, which is processed using the flow cytometry method. This test is also known as the CD22 Immunophenotyping test or the Siglec-2 Marker Test.
What Does a CD22, Flow Cytometry Test Measure?
The CD22 Flow Cytometry test examines several properties of B-cell surface markers. The following components are assessed during the analysis:
| Parameter | What It Indicates |
|---|---|
| CD22 expression on B lymphocytes | Whether CD22 is present on the surface of B cells |
| Expression intensity | Whether CD22 is expressed normally, partially, or weakly (dimly) |
| Percentage of positive cells | The proportion of cells in the sample that carry the CD22 marker |
| Antigen site density | The number of CD22 molecules present on each cell surface |
Why is a CD22, Flowcytometry Test Done?
This test is ordered when a doctor suspects a B-cell-related blood disorder. It helps confirm a diagnosis, classify the type of cancer, and monitor how well treatment is working.
Common Symptoms That May Require This Test
A doctor may request the CD22, Flowcytometry test when a patient presents with the following symptoms:
- Unexplained and persistent fatigue
- Persistent or recurrent fever
- Night sweats without an obvious cause
- Unexplained weight loss
- Swollen or enlarged lymph nodes
- Frequent or recurring infections
- Unusual bruising or bleeding
Conditions This Test Can Help Detect
The CD22 flow cytometry analysis assists in identifying a range of blood-related conditions, including:
- B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL)
- B-cell lymphomas
- Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
- Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)
- Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), which shows characteristically bright CD22 expression
- B-lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphomas
- Prolymphocytic leukaemia
CD22, Flow Cytometry Test for Chronic Disease Monitoring
Once a blood cancer diagnosis is established, this test plays an important role in tracking treatment progress. It is particularly useful for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD), meaning very small amounts of cancer cells that remain after treatment. Doctors typically repeat this test every 3 to 6 months during active treatment or at other intervals based on clinical need.
How to Prepare and What to Expect
No special preparation is needed for this test, but there are a few practical steps to follow before your appointment.
Do You Need to Fast?
No, fasting is not required before the CD22 Flow Cytometry test. You may eat and drink as usual on the day of your appointment.
Practical Tips Before Your Test
Here are a few steps to help ensure a smooth sample collection:
- Bring a detailed clinical history, including your symptoms, previous test results, and family history, as this is required for the test.
- Carry your doctor's prescription and any earlier test reports.
- Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, particularly any immunosuppressive drugs.
- Avoid strenuous physical activity before the test if your doctor has advised so.
Step-by-Step Procedure
Because this test requires a bone marrow sample, it is performed at a diagnostic centre by a trained specialist. Here is what to expect:
Bone Marrow Collection:
- The collection site (usually the back of the hip bone) is cleaned with an antiseptic solution.
- A local anaesthetic is applied to numb the area and minimise discomfort.
- A specialist collects a small bone marrow aspirate sample of approximately 3 ml using a fine needle. Two separate collection tubes are used: one containing sodium heparin and one containing EDTA, both of which prevent the sample from clotting.
- The collection site is dressed, and you will be monitored briefly before leaving.
- The labelled samples are stored at refrigeration temperature (2 to 8 degrees Celsius) and transported promptly to the laboratory.
- In the lab, fluorescently tagged antibodies are applied to the cell sample, which is then analysed in a flow cytometer. The machine passes cells one by one in front of a laser beam to detect and measure CD22 expression.
Factors That Can Affect Accuracy
Certain conditions may affect how reliable your test results are:
- Sample freshness: the sample should ideally be processed within 18 hours of collection, and no later than 36 to 48 hours
- Delayed processing can alter results differently depending on the type of collection tube used
- Inadequate sample volume or poor cell viability may compromise the analysis
- Prior treatment with anti-CD22 or anti-CD19 targeted therapies can alter CD22 expression levels
- Improper storage or transport temperature may affect the sample quality
Understanding Your CD22, Flow Cytometry Test Results
Results from the CD22, Flow Cytometry test are typically reported both as a percentage of positive cells and as a qualitative assessment (positive, negative, or dim expression). The table below summarises the general reference ranges:
| Parameter | Normal Range |
|---|---|
| CD22 expression on B lymphocytes | 4.82 to 18% of lymphocytes |
| Normal expression threshold | Greater than 80% of gated B cells are positive |
| Partial expression | 20 to 80% of gated B cells |
These ranges are general guidelines. Your doctor will interpret your results based on your age, health history, and other factors. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalised medical advice.
Results During Special Conditions
Certain clinical situations can influence how results are read:
CD22 is also expressed on basophils (another type of white blood cell), so additional markers such as HLA-DR are included in the panel to avoid misidentification. Patients who have previously received anti-CD22 targeted therapies may show reduced or absent CD22 expression, which does not necessarily indicate a different disease but reflects prior treatment effects. In some patients with specific chromosomal rearrangements (such as 11q23 MLL rearrangements), CD22 expression may be lower than expected.
How to Maintain Healthy Levels
While blood cancer markers are not directly controlled through lifestyle, these general steps support overall well-being:
- Attend all follow-up appointments and repeat tests as scheduled by your doctor.
- Report new or worsening symptoms such as persistent fatigue, unexplained weight loss, or frequent infections without delay.
- Follow your prescribed treatment plan consistently if you have been diagnosed with a blood disorder.
Lupin Diagnostics CD22, Flow Cytometry Test Price
The CD22, Flow Cytometry test cost at Lupin Diagnostics starts at ₹2,300. This test requires a visit to a Lupin Diagnostics centre, as home collection is not available due to the specialised nature of bone marrow sample collection and the handling requirements for this test.
| City | Approximate Price (₹) |
|---|---|
| BHOPAL | 2300 |
| CHENNAI | 2300 |
| HYDERABAD | 2300 |
| KOLKATA | 2300 |
| NAVI MUMBAI | 2300 |
| PUNE | 2300 |
Disclaimer: Prices are indicative and may vary by location. Please confirm the current price at the time of booking.
How to Book
Follow these steps to book your CD22, Flow cytometry test online:
- Select the test on the Lupin Diagnostics website.
- Choose your city and preferred centre location.
- Visit the centre at your scheduled time for sample collection.
- Receive your report via email or WhatsApp within 3 days.
Frequently Asked Questions
The CD22, Flow cytometry test detects and measures the CD22 protein marker found on B lymphocytes. It is primarily used to diagnose and classify blood cancers such as B-cell leukaemias and lymphomas, and to monitor how well treatment is working.
No, fasting is not required. You can eat and drink normally before your appointment. If you have been prescribed additional tests on the same day, check with your doctor whether any of those require fasting.
For the CD22, Flow cytometry test procedure at Lupin Diagnostics, bone marrow aspirate is the required sample type. Bone marrow provides a direct view of blood cell production and is often more informative than peripheral blood for diagnosing leukaemias and lymphomas.
The report for the CD22, Flow cytometry test is delivered within 3 days. Complex cases may occasionally require additional time for a complete interpretation.
No, home collection is not available for this CD22, Flow cytometry test. The bone marrow sample requires specialised collection by a trained specialist at a diagnostic centre, along with careful handling and prompt processing to maintain sample quality.
A positive result means CD22 is detected on B cells. Abnormally bright expression may point to conditions such as hairy cell leukaemia, while low or absent expression can suggest chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or the effect of prior targeted therapy. Your doctor will interpret the result together with other markers and your full clinical picture.
The CD22 flow cytometry test is often ordered alongside other B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20, CD10, and CD5 as part of a broader immunophenotyping panel. This allows doctors to classify the specific type of blood cancer more accurately and guide treatment decisions.
CD22, Flow Cytometry Test
