C4D
C4D
The C4D test is done for detection of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) of transplanted kidneys in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. This test measures the presence of C4D proteins in tissue samples, which is used to identify specific antigens. C4D is a marker of complement activation.
C4D test helps your healthcare provider diagnose various autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and glomerulonephritis.
This test is also known as Immunohistochemistry (IHC)-C4D test, anti-C4D antibody staining, C4D staining
Symptoms of autoimmune disorders
Fatigue
Joint pain and stiffness
Skin rashes
Fever
Weight loss
Shortness of breath
Abdominal pain
What is the C4D test used for ?
To confirm the presence of autoimmune disorder e.g. Lupus
Monitor immune complex-related conditions such as glomerulonephritis (GN)
Determine treatment plan for an autoimmune disease
Test preparation
The C4D test is an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test that utilizes specific antibodies for detecting the presence of C4D proteins in tissue samples. The samples can be obtained through a biopsy or surgical procedure. The collected sample is then stained in laboratory with the C4D antibody. No special preparation is required for the C4D test.
Interpretation of the Test Results
Interpretation of results
The test results may be positive or negative.
Positive test: If C4D protein is present in the tissue sample, it will bind with the antibody, producing a visible colour change.
Negative test: In the absence of the C4D protein, no colour change is observed. It means no-organ injury after a transplant
FAQs
What is the turnaround time (TAT) for the C4D test?
The results of the C4D test can be obtained within 1-3 working days from the time the sample is collected and sent to the laboratory. However, this time may vary depending on the diagnostic laboratory
Is C4D test sufficient to detect autoimmune disorders?
C4D test alone cannot be used as a confirmatory test for the presence of autoimmune disorders. Therefore, this test, along with other tests such as antinuclear antibody (ANA) test is used to confirm presence of specific autoimmune disorders
What are the symptoms of kidney
Fever, flu-like symptoms such as dizziness, aches, nausea, and vomiting are some of the common symptoms of kidney rejection. Other than this, there may be fluid retention and swelling, coupled with abnormal weight gain within 24 hours
What is meant by deposition in C4D tests?
Transplant rejection is indicated by C4D deposition. The organ damage brought on by the immune system's heightened activity is illustrated by the staining and antigen deposition on the paraffin block. It facilitates the visualization of the compatibility between tissue damage at the transplant site and donor antibodies
What does antibody-mediated organ rejection imply?
An immune system that has been triggered against the transplanted organ is the cause of antibody-mediated organ failure. This happens when the body views the recently transplanted tissues as a foreign invader and refuses to acknowledge them as a part of its own
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