Beta-2 Microglobulin, Serum
Beta-2 Microglobulin, Serum
The beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), serum test measures the levels of a protein called beta-2 microglobulin in the blood. B2M is a protein that is a component of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. These molecules are found on the surface of almost all cells and play an important role in the immune system by presenting antigens to T cells, which are a type of white blood cell.
Elevated B2M levels may indicate certain conditions, such as kidney dysfunction, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, or inflammatory disorders. The test is commonly used in conjunction with other diagnostic assessments as a tumour marker to evaluate the progression of diseases such as multiple myeloma and certain types of lymphoma.
Thus, getting this test is recommended for assessing and managing plasma cell disorders, especially multiple myeloma and kidney (renal tubular) disorders
Signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma
Bone pain, especially in the back, chest or hips
Nausea
Constipation
Loss of appetite
Confusion
Tiredness
Frequent infections
Weight loss
Excessive thirst
Needing to urinate often
High blood calcium
Signs and symptoms of kidney disorders
Fever
Back pain
Fatigue
Blood in urine
Edema
High blood pressure
Producing less urine
When is Beta-2 Microglobulin, Serum test done?
Beta-2 microglobulin, serum test is performed:
To assess the prognosis of multiple myeloma in individuals exhibiting symptoms
To evaluate renal tubular disorders
To monitor the prognosis and effectiveness of certain cancer treatments
Test preparation
No special preparation is required for this test.
Interpretation of the Test Results
The units of measurement for the results are micrograms per millilitre (mcg/mL).
The reference range for beta-2 microglobulin is 1.21-2.70 mcg/mL.
Deviation from normal levels indicates the following:
· If serum beta-2 microglobulin levels are less than 4 mcg/mL, it is considered a good prognostic factor in patients with multiple myeloma.
In renal tubular disorders, the serum beta-2 levels are low and urine levels are high
FAQs
How is the sample collected for beta-2 microglobulin, serum test?
A blood sample is collected from a vein in your arm using a small needle. Usually, this process does not take more than 5 minutes
What are the risks involved in beta-2 microglobulin, serum test sample collection?
This test involves negligible risk. There might be slight pain or tenderness at the site where the needle went in. Rarely, the area can become infected
What is the turnaround time (TAT) for the results of the beta-2 microglobulin, serum test?
The results of a beta-2 microglobulin, serum test are usually available within 1-2 working days after sample collection. This duration may vary depending on the diagnostic clinic
What is multiple myeloma?
Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells, a component of the immune system found in the bone marrow. It leads to the overproduction of abnormal plasma cells, that result in weakening of bones, and impaired immune function. Treatment of multiple myeloma includes chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation
Can medications affect beta-2 microglobulin levels?
Some medications, especially those used in the treatment of cancer, may impact beta-2 microglobulin levels. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking before the test
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