Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG Test – CSF Analysis Test
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG Test – CSF Analysis Test
The Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG Test in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is used to detect IgG antibodies against VZV in CSF samples. This test is primarily used for diagnosing VZV-related neurological infections, such as VZV encephalitis, meningitis, and vasculopathy. The presence of VZV IgG antibodies in CSF suggests intrathecal antibody production, indicative of a central nervous system (CNS) infection or reactivation of the virus within the CNS.
Varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster), can reactivate and spread to the CNS, leading to severe complications. Early detection of VZV antibodies in CSF aids in the timely initiation of antiviral treatment and prevents long-term neurological damage.
What is the Varicella Zoster Virus IgG Test Used For?
- Diagnosing VZV-related neurological infections, including VZV encephalitis and meningitis.
- Assessing suspected viral vasculopathy in patients with stroke-like symptoms.
- Differentiating between active CNS infections and past systemic exposure.
- Monitoring immunocompromised patients at risk for VZV reactivation in the CNS.
What are the Symptoms of Chicken Pox?
Chickenpox symptoms include
Itchy rash (Red spots that turn into fluid-filled blisters, then scab over)
Mild to moderate fever
Fatigue and weakness
Loss of appetite
Headache
Body aches
Preparation for the Test
No fasting required. The test requires CSF collection via lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Inform your doctor about any blood-thinning medications, as they may impact the lumbar puncture procedure.
Interpretation of Test Results
A positive result indicates viral activity within the CNS, whereas a negative result does not completely rule out infection, necessitating additional diagnostic tests.
Positive VZV IgG in CSF- Suggests intrathecal antibody production, indicative of VZV-related CNS infection.
Negative VZV IgG in CSF- No detectable VZV antibodies; active CNS infection is unlikely.
Equivocal- Borderline results; further testing, including VZV PCR or repeat lumbar puncture, may be needed.
FAQs
How does this test differ from a blood VZV IgG test?
The CSF VZV IgG test detects intrathecal antibody production, while the blood test identifies systemic immunity.
Can VZV IgG in CSF confirm active infection?
Not always. VZV PCR testing in CSF is often required to confirm active viral replication.
How long does it take to receive results?
Results are typically available within 3 to 7 days, depending on the laboratory.
What should I do if my test is positive?
Consult a neurologist or infectious disease specialist for antiviral treatment (e.g., acyclovir) and further evaluation.
Can this test be used to diagnose shingles?
No, shingles is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and skin lesion examination. This test is specific for CNS involvement.
Related tests
Tests At Lupin Diagnostics