Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG Test – Chickenpox Immunity Test
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG Test – Chickenpox Immunity Test
The Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG Test is a blood test used to detect IgG antibodies against the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). The presence of VZV IgG antibodies indicates past infection or successful vaccination, providing immunity against future chickenpox infections.
Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection characterized by an itchy rash, fever, and fatigue. After initial infection, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate later in life as shingles. This test helps determine immunity status, which is particularly important for pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, and healthcare workers.
What is the Varicella Zoster Virus IgG Test Used For?
- Confirming past infection or immunity to chickenpox.
- Assessing immune status before pregnancy or organ transplantation.
- Determining the need for varicella vaccination.
- Evaluating individuals with suspected VZV exposure, especially in high-risk populations.
Monitoring immune response in immunocompromised patients.
What are the Symptoms of Chicken Pox?
Chickenpox symptoms include
Itchy rash (Red spots that turn into fluid-filled blisters, then scab over)
Mild to moderate fever
Fatigue and weakness
Loss of appetite
Headache
Body aches
Preparation for the Test
No fasting is required for the test. A blood sample is drawn from a vein for laboratory analysis. Inform your doctor about any recent vaccinations, as they may affect antibody levels.
Interpretation of Test Results
A positive result confirms immunity, while a negative result may require varicella vaccination in non-immune individuals.
|
Test Result |
Interpretation |
|
Positive (≥135 mIU/mL) |
Indicates past infection or successful vaccination, providing immunity. |
|
Negative (<135 mIU/mL) |
No detectable immunity; vaccination or further evaluation may be required. |
|
Equivocal |
Borderline results; a repeat test may be needed for confirmation. |
FAQs
How long does immunity last after chickenpox infection?
Lifelong immunity usually develops after natural infection, but the virus remains dormant and may reactivate as shingles.
Can I get chickenpox if I have VZV IgG antibodies?
Rarely. Individuals with immunity may still develop mild breakthrough infections, but these are less severe.
Do I need this test before pregnancy?
Yes, as chickenpox during pregnancy can cause complications, including congenital varicella syndrome.
What should I do if my test is negative?
If non-immune, varicella vaccination is recommended to prevent infection.
Can this test diagnose an active shingles infection?
No, for suspected shingles, a VZV PCR or IgM antibody test is recommended.
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