TORCH PCR Test (Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, HSV-1 & HSV-2) Test
TORCH PCR Test (Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, HSV-1 & HSV-2) Test
The TORCH PCR Test is a molecular diagnostic test used to detect Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes Simplex Virus types 1 & 2 (HSV-1 & HSV-2). These infections are particularly concerning during pregnancy, as they can lead to congenital infections, miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe birth defects in newborns. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique provides a highly sensitive and specific method for detecting the genetic material (DNA/RNA) of these pathogens.
The TORCH panel is essential in prenatal care because these infections can cause serious complications, including neurological damage, hearing and vision impairment, developmental delays, and organ abnormalities in affected infants. Unlike serological tests that detect antibodies (IgM and IgG) produced by the immune system, PCR directly identifies viral or parasitic DNA/RNA, making it a more precise tool for diagnosing active infections.
Early detection through TORCH PCR enables prompt medical intervention to reduce complications and improve maternal and fetal outcomes. It is particularly useful in high-risk pregnancies, immunocompromised individuals, and suspected cases where clinical symptoms suggest an underlying TORCH infection.
Infections Detected in the TORCH PCR Panel
- Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis) – Parasitic infection that can cause miscarriage, hydrocephalus, and vision impairment in newborns.
- Rubella Virus (German Measles) – Can result in congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), leading to deafness, heart defects, and cataracts.
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – A common viral infection that may cause hearing loss, intellectual disability, and neurological disorders in infants.
Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) & Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) – Can lead to neonatal herpes, brain inflammation (encephalitis), and severe systemic infections in newborns.
What is the TORCH PCR Test Used For?
- Detecting active TORCH infections during pregnancy or in newborns.
- Assessing the risk of congenital infections that may cause developmental abnormalities.
- Guiding treatment decisions in immunocompromised individuals (HIV/AIDS, transplant patients).
- Confirming or ruling out infections when serological tests provide inconclusive results.
Preparation for the Test
No fasting required. Inform your doctor about any current infections or antiviral treatments, as they may affect results. Sample types may include blood, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or urine, depending on clinical presentation.
Interpretation of Test Results
A positive result does not always indicate congenital transmission, and further clinical correlation is necessary.
Positive PCR Result- Indicates an active infection requiring medical intervention.
Negative PCR Result - No detectable DNA/RNA of the pathogen; infection unlikely or past exposure.
Equivocal Result- Further testing may be needed for confirmation.
FAQs
How is TORCH PCR different from TORCH IgM/IgG testing?
TORCH PCR detects active infections, whereas TORCH IgM/IgG tests check for past or recent exposure through antibody detection.
How long does it take to receive results?
Results are typically available within 3 to 7 days, depending on laboratory processing.
Can a TORCH infection be treated during pregnancy?
Yes, antiviral or antibiotic treatments may be available, depending on the specific infection.
Is this test recommended for all pregnant women?
Not routinely, but it is advised for high-risk pregnancies, suspected infections, or abnormal fetal ultrasound findings.
Can congenital TORCH infections be prevented?
Yes, vaccination (Rubella), good hygiene practices, and avoiding undercooked meat (Toxoplasmosis) can help prevent infections.
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