PreEclampsia Screening - First Trimester Test
PreEclampsia Screening - First Trimester Test
PreEclampsia Screening - First Trimester is a specialized test that helps in early detection of preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood pressure and potential organ damage. Preeclampsia typically develops after the 20th week of pregnancy but can have early indicators in the first trimester. Early screening allows for timely interventions to reduce the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby.
This screening test primarily evaluates key biomarkers associated with placental function and maternal circulation, helping to assess the risk of developing preeclampsia later in pregnancy.
Tests Included in PreEclampsia Screening - First Trimester
- Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A)- It is a placental protein essential for normal fetal development. Low levels may indicate an increased risk of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and other pregnancy complications.
- Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)- It is a protein involved in placental blood vessel development. Reduced PlGF levels are associated with impaired placental function and an elevated risk of preeclampsia.
Symptoms of Pre-eclampsia
xxPre-eclampsia symptoms include
High blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg)
Protein in urine (proteinuria)
Severe headaches
Blurred vision or light sensitivity
Swelling in hands, face, or feet (edema)
Upper abdominal pain (especially under ribs)
Nausea or vomiting
Shortness of breath
Decreased urine output
Preparation for the Test
The test is usually performed between 11 to 14 weeks of pregnancy. Fasting is not required. Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking, especially those affecting blood pressure or pregnancy outcomes. In some cases, this screening is combined with an early pregnancy ultrasound to assess placental health and fetal development.
Interpretation of Test Results
- Low PAPP-A Levels: May indicate a higher risk of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, or chromosomal abnormalities.
- Low PlGF Levels: Suggests poor placental development and an increased risk of preeclampsia.
- High-Risk Indication: If both biomarkers are low, along with maternal risk factors (e.g., history of hypertension, obesity, or diabetes), a physician may recommend close monitoring and preventive strategies.
FAQs
How is the sample collected?
simple blood draw is taken from a vein in your arm.
Can this test confirm preeclampsia?
No, this is a screening test that assesses risk. A confirmed diagnosis of preeclampsia requires blood pressure monitoring and additional clinical evaluations later in pregnancy.
What happens if my test indicates a high risk for preeclampsia?
Your doctor may recommend increased monitoring, lifestyle modifications, and possibly low-dose aspirin therapy to lower the risk.
Is this test safe for the baby?
Yes, the test involves only a blood sample and poses no risk to the fetus.
Can lifestyle changes help reduce the risk of preeclampsia?
Yes, maintaining a balanced diet, staying physically active, and managing underlying conditions like hypertension can help lower the risk.
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