Phospholipid Syndrome Panel (APLA) Test
Phospholipid Syndrome Panel (APLA) Test
The Phospholipid Syndrome Panel (APLA) is a group of tests used to detect antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), which are associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)—an autoimmune disorder that increases the risk of abnormal blood clotting. APS can lead to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), stroke, recurrent pregnancy loss, and other complications related to excessive clot formation. These antibodies interfere with the normal function of phospholipids, leading to a hypercoagulable state.
The APLA panel consists of multiple tests that help in diagnosing APS and assessing the risk of clot-related disorders. These include:
- Beta 2 Glycoprotein I IgG & IgM - Detects autoantibodies against beta-2 glycoprotein I, a protein involved in blood clot regulation.
- Cardiolipin Antibodies IgG & IgM - Identifies antibodies directed against cardiolipins, which are linked to clotting disorders.
- Lupus Anticoagulant (dRVVT) - Measures the presence of lupus anticoagulant, which prolongs clotting time and increases the risk of thrombosis.
What is the Phospholipid Syndrome Panel Used For?
This test panel is used for:
- Diagnosing antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
- Evaluating unexplained blood clots (venous or arterial thrombosis)
- Investigating recurrent pregnancy loss
- Assessing prolonged clotting times (abnormal aPTT/dRVVT results)
- Monitoring patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or other autoimmune disorders at risk of APS
Symptoms Indicating the Need for This Test
A Phospholipid Syndrome Panel may be recommended if a patient exhibits
Unexplained deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE)
Stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) at a young age
Recurrent miscarriages (especially after the 10th week of pregnancy)
Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
Livedo reticularis (mottled skin discoloration)
Unexplained prolonged clotting times in routine coagulation tests
Who Should Get Tested?
The Phospholipid Syndrome Panel (APLA) is recommended for individuals who:
- Have a history of unexplained blood clots (venous or arterial thrombosis).
- Experience recurrent miscarriages, especially after the first trimester.
- Have autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which increases APLA risk.
- Show symptoms of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), such as livedo reticularis, stroke, or thrombocytopenia.
- Have prolonged clotting times (e.g., prolonged aPTT) without a clear cause.
Preparation for the Test
No special preparation is required. Patients should inform their doctor about any anticoagulant medications they are taking, as these can affect test results. A blood sample is drawn from a vein for analysis.
Interpretation of Results
- Positive for one or more antibodies: Suggests the presence of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS); further testing and clinical correlation are needed.
- Persistently positive results (12 weeks apart): Confirms APS diagnosis.
- Negative results: No significant presence of antiphospholipid antibodies; however, repeat testing may be needed in some cases.
If APS is confirmed, long-term anticoagulation therapy may be required to prevent thrombotic events.
FAQs
How is the sample collected for the APLA Panel?
A blood sample is drawn from a vein in the arm and analyzed for antiphospholipid antibodies.
How long does it take to get test results?
Results are typically available within 5-7 days, depending on the laboratory.
Can APS be diagnosed with one positive test?
No, APS diagnosis requires persistent positivity of antiphospholipid antibodies on two occasions at least 12 weeks apart along with clinical symptoms.
What are the treatment options if APS is diagnosed?
Patients are typically treated with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, heparin) to prevent clot formation.
Can APS affect pregnancy?
Yes, APS is associated with recurrent miscarriages, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Early diagnosis and treatment with low-dose aspirin and heparin can improve pregnancy outcomes.
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