Pertussis IgG Antibody Test
Pertussis IgG Antibody Test
Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing fits, difficulty breathing, and a distinctive "whooping" sound when inhaling. Pertussis primarily affects infants and young children, but unvaccinated adults can also contract and spread the disease.
The infection spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. It can cause serious complications such as pneumonia, brain damage, seizures, and even death, particularly in newborns and immunocompromised individuals. Due to its severe effects, routine vaccination (DTaP and Tdap) is essential for disease prevention.
The Pertussis IgG Antibody Test is a serological test that detects IgG antibodies against Bordetella pertussis. It helps determine whether an individual has:
- Immunity from past infection or vaccination.
- A recent or ongoing pertussis infection.
- A need for booster vaccination in adults, pregnant women, and healthcare workers.
Early detection of pertussis is critical, as symptoms may resemble those of the common cold in the initial stages. If left untreated, the infection progresses to prolonged coughing fits that can last for weeks or even months, giving it the nickname "the 100-day cough."
What is the Pertussis IgG Antibody Test Used For?
This test is used to:
- Confirm recent or past Bordetella pertussis infection.
- Assess immunity after pertussis vaccination.
- Diagnose atypical or prolonged cough in suspected pertussis cases.
- Evaluate the need for booster vaccination in adults and healthcare workers.
Symptoms of Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Severe, prolonged coughing fits (paroxysms).
"Whooping" sound during inhalation after coughing.
Difficulty breathing, vomiting after cough episodes.
Runny nose, mild fever, and nasal congestion in early stages.
Apnea (pauses in breathing), particularly in infants.
Preparation for the Test
No fasting is required for the test. Inform your doctor if you have recently received a pertussis vaccine, as this may affect IgG levels. A blood sample is drawn from a vein for testing.
Interpretation of Results
|
IgG Level |
Interpretation |
|
High IgG |
Suggests recent infection or strong vaccine response |
|
Low IgG |
Indicates no immunity; vaccination may be needed |
|
Borderline IgG |
Requires follow-up testing or evaluation of symptoms |
FAQs
Does a positive IgG test mean I have pertussis?
Not necessarily. It may indicate past infection, recent vaccination, or a current immune response.
Can this test diagnose an active pertussis infection?
No, for early diagnosis, a PCR test or culture is preferred.
Who should get this test?
- Infants, pregnant women, and unvaccinated individuals.
- People with a prolonged cough lasting more than 2 weeks.
- Healthcare workers and caregivers to check immunity.
How long does vaccine-induced immunity last?
Immunity from the DTaP/Tdap vaccine lasts 5-10 years, requiring periodic booster doses.
What happens if I have low IgG levels?
A booster vaccine (Tdap) may be recommended to enhance protection.
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