Parvovirus B19 IgM & IgG Antibodies Test
Parvovirus B19 IgM & IgG Antibodies Test
The Parvovirus B19 IgM & IgG Antibodies Test is used to detect immune response against Parvovirus B19, the virus responsible for erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease). Parvovirus B19 primarily affects children and immunocompromised individuals, but it can also cause complications in pregnant women, individuals with hemolytic disorders, and transplant recipients.
Parvovirus B19 infections are highly contagious and spread through respiratory droplets. While most infections are mild and self-limiting, the virus can cause severe anemia, arthritis, and fetal complications in high-risk groups. The presence of IgM antibodies indicates a recent or active infection, whereas IgG antibodies suggest past infection and immunity.
Conditions Associated with Parvovirus B19 Infection
- Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) – Characterized by a "slapped cheek" rash, fever, and flu-like symptoms.
- Transient Aplastic Crisis – Severe anemia in individuals with sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, or other hemolytic disorders.
- Hydrops Fetalis – A life-threatening fetal condition due to severe anemia caused by intrauterine infection.
- Chronic Bone Marrow Suppression – In immunocompromised individuals, leading to persistent anemia and low blood counts.
- Parvovirus-Induced Arthritis – Mimics rheumatoid arthritis, with joint pain and swelling, particularly in adults.
Symptoms of Parvovirus B19 infection
Parvovirus B19 infection, also known as fifth disease or erythema infectiosum, presents with the following symptoms
Slapped-cheek rash (red cheeks, spreading to the body)
Mild fever
Runny nose
Headache
Fatigue
Joint pain and swelling in hands, wrists, knees (in adults)
Who Should Undergo The Test?
The Parvovirus B19 IgM & IgG Antibodies Test is recommended for:
1. Pregnant Women- If exposed to parvovirus B19 or if experiencing unexplained fetal complications (e.g., hydrops fetalis)
2. Individuals with Severe Anemia- Especially immunocompromised patients (HIV, cancer, transplant recipients) and those with hemolytic disorders (e.g., sickle cell anemia, thalassemia)
3. People with Suspected Recent Infection
Preparation for the Test
No special preparation is required. Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or have an immunodeficiency condition. A blood sample is drawn from a vein for testing.
Interpretation of Results
IgM Positive, IgG Negative- Recent or active Parvovirus B19 infection
IgM Positive, IgG Positive- Recent infection with developing immunity
IgM Negative, IgG Positive- Past infection, immune to reinfection
IgM Negative, IgG Negative- No evidence of past or current infection
FAQs
What are the symptoms of Parvovirus B19 infection?
Symptoms include fever, rash, joint pain, fatigue, and anemia, depending on the patient’s immune status.
How does Parvovirus B19 affect pregnancy?
Infection during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or hydrops fetalis, especially if contracted before 20 weeks gestation.
Can Parvovirus B19 cause long-term health problems?
In immunocompromised individuals, the virus can cause chronic anemia due to prolonged bone marrow suppression.
Is there a treatment for Parvovirus B19 infection?
There is no specific antiviral treatment; supportive care, blood transfusions (if severe anemia), and IV immunoglobulin (for immunocompromised patients) may be required.
Can a person get infected with Parvovirus B19 more than once?
No, once infected, lifelong immunity is usually acquired, as indicated by the presence of IgG antibodies.
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