Occult Blood Stool Test
Occult Blood Stool Test
The Occult Blood Stool Test is a non-invasive screening tool used to detect hidden (occult) blood in stool samples. The presence of blood may indicate gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as colorectal cancer, polyps, ulcers, diverticulosis, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since occult blood is not visible to the naked eye, this test helps identify potential GI bleeding at an early stage.
Regular screening using the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is recommended, especially for individuals over 50 years old or those at high risk for colorectal cancer. Early detection allows for timely diagnosis and intervention, improving treatment outcomes.
What is the Occult Blood Stool Test Used For?
This test is used to:
- Screen for colorectal cancer and precancerous polyps.
- Detect hidden GI bleeding from ulcers, diverticulosis, or hemorrhoids.
- Help diagnose inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
- Monitor patients with a history of GI bleeding or anemia.
Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer often develops silently in early stages. As it progresses, symptoms may include
Persistent diarrhea or constipation
Narrow or ribbon-like stools
Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying
Blood in stool (bright red or dark, tarry stools)
Cramps, bloating, or persistent gas
Unintended weight loss
Weakness or persistent fatigue
Pale skin
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Preparation for the Test
Follow dietary restrictions (if required) for certain types of occult blood tests (e.g., avoid red meat, vitamin C, and NSAIDs for 3 days before testing). Collect a stool sample in a sterile container as per instructions. Avoid testing during active menstruation, bleeding hemorrhoids, or recent rectal injury, as these can cause false-positive results.
Interpretation of Results
- Positive Result: Indicates the presence of blood, requiring further evaluation (colonoscopy, endoscopy) to determine the cause.
- Negative Result: No detectable blood, but routine screening is advised based on age and risk factors.
- False Positives/Negatives: Certain foods, medications, and improper collection can affect results.
FAQs
How often should I get tested for occult blood in stool?
For average-risk individuals, annual screening is recommended starting at age 50. Those with risk factors may need earlier or more frequent testing.
Does a positive result mean I have cancer?
Not necessarily. Many GI conditions can cause bleeding, so further tests like colonoscopy are needed for diagnosis.
Can diet affect test results?
Yes, some types of FOBT require dietary restrictions (e.g., avoiding red meat, certain vegetables, and vitamin C supplements).
What happens after a positive test result?
A doctor may recommend colonoscopy or other GI evaluations to identify the source of bleeding.
Can medications interfere with test results?
Yes, aspirin, NSAIDs, and anticoagulants can lead to false positives by causing minor GI bleeding.
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