Neonatal Bilirubin Test
Neonatal Bilirubin Test
Neonatal jaundice is a common condition in newborns, characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. The Neonatal Bilirubin Test measures the total serum bilirubin (TSB) or transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) levels to assess the severity of jaundice and guide treatment decisions.
Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs). In newborns, the liver is often immature and may not process bilirubin efficiently, leading to physiological jaundice. However, high bilirubin levels can indicate serious conditions such as hemolytic disease, infections, or liver disorders.
What is the Neonatal Bilirubin Test Used For?
This test is used to:
- Monitor bilirubin levels in newborns with jaundice.
- Determine the need for phototherapy or exchange transfusion.
- Differentiate between physiological and pathological jaundice.
Identify conditions like hemolysis, sepsis, or liver dysfunction.
Symptoms of Neonatal Jaundice
Common symptoms include
Yellowing of the skin and eyes
Poor feeding or lethargy
High-pitched crying
Dark urine and pale stools
Drowsiness or difficulty waking
Preparation for the Test
No special preparation is required. A heel-prick blood sample or a non-invasive transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) scan is performed. The test is usually conducted within the first 24-48 hours after birth and repeated if necessary.
Interpretation of Results
- Normal Bilirubin Levels: Typically, below 5 mg/dL in term newborns.
- Elevated Bilirubin Levels:
- Mild (5-12 mg/dL): Physiological jaundice, usually resolves on its own.
- Moderate (12-20 mg/dL): May require phototherapy.
- Severe (>20 mg/dL): Risk of kernicterus (bilirubin-induced brain damage), may need exchange transfusion.
FAQs
What causes neonatal jaundice?
Jaundice can be caused by immature liver function, hemolysis, blood group incompatibility, infections, or metabolic disorders.
How is neonatal jaundice treated?
Treatment includes phototherapy, increased feeding, and in severe cases, exchange transfusion.
Is neonatal jaundice dangerous?
Mild jaundice is common and harmless, but very high bilirubin levels can cause kernicterus, a form of brain damage.
Can breastfeeding affect bilirubin levels?
Yes, breastfeeding jaundice may occur due to low milk intake, while breast milk jaundice is a prolonged, benign form linked to breast milk composition.
When should a newborn be tested for bilirubin?
Bilirubin levels should be checked within 24-48 hours of birth, especially if the baby is at risk of severe jaundice.
Related tests
Tests At Lupin Diagnostics