Mumps IgG Antibody Test
Mumps IgG Antibody Test
The Mumps IgG Antibody Test is a laboratory test used to detect IgG antibodies against the mumps virus. Mumps is a contagious viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands, leading to swelling and discomfort. The test helps determine if a person has immunity to mumps due to previous infection or vaccination.
Mumps is caused by the mumps virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. It spreads through respiratory droplets, direct contact, or contaminated surfaces. The virus primarily infects the parotid glands (one of the three major salivary glands), leading to characteristic swelling and pain. While most cases resolve on their own, complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, orchitis (testicular inflammation in males), oophoritis (ovarian inflammation in females), and pancreatitis can occur.
Vaccination with the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is the most effective way to prevent mumps infection. The Mumps IgG Antibody Test is commonly used to assess immunity, especially in healthcare workers, travelers, and individuals in outbreak settings.
Symptoms of Mumps
Mumps symptoms typically appear 16-18 days after exposure and may include
Swollen, painful salivary glands (parotitis)
Fever
Headache
Muscle aches
Fatigue and weakness
Loss of appetite
Pain while chewing or swallowing
Preparation for the Test
No special preparation is needed. A blood sample is collected from a vein. Inform the doctor of any recent vaccinations or infections, as they may affect results.
Interpretation of Results
· Positive IgG: Indicates prior infection or successful vaccination, confirming immunity.
· Negative IgG: Suggests lack of immunity; vaccination may be recommended.
· Equivocal Result: A borderline result may require a repeat test or further evaluation.
FAQs
How long does IgG immunity last?
IgG antibodies usually provide long-term immunity, either from vaccination or past infection.
Can this test diagnose an active mumps infection?
No, an IgM antibody test or PCR test is needed for diagnosing current infection.
Who should get tested?
- Healthcare workers
- Unvaccinated individuals
- People with suspected mumps exposure
- Those unsure of their vaccination status
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