Multiple Myeloma Panel by FISH Test

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in multiple myeloma (MM). The Multiple Myeloma Panel by FISH is a diagnostic tool that helps identify specific genetic changes associated with MM, aiding in prognosis and treatment planning. By detecting chromosomal rearrangements, deletions, and amplifications, this test provides valuable insights into disease progression and therapeutic responses.

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy that originates in the bone marrow. It is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal plasma cells, which produce excessive monoclonal immunoglobulin (paraprotein), leading to bone destruction, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and immunosuppression. The exact cause of multiple myeloma is unknown, but risk factors include genetic predisposition, exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals, chronic inflammation, and certain viral infections.

This disease is commonly diagnosed in older adults, typically over the age of 65, and is more prevalent in men than women. Advances in genetic testing, such as FISH, have improved the ability to stratify patients into different risk categories, allowing for more personalized treatment approaches. Early detection of chromosomal abnormalities through FISH can significantly impact clinical decisions and patient outcomes.

Common genetic abnormalities detected include Deletion 17p (TP53 deletion), t (4;14) (IGH/FGFR3 translocation), t (14;16) (IGH/MAF translocation), t (11;14) (IGH/CCND1 translocation), and 1q21 gain/amplification.