Measles (Rubeola) Virus IgM Antibody Test
Measles (Rubeola) Virus IgM Antibody Test
Measles is a contagious viral infection that spreads by direct contact with respiratory secretions from infected individuals due to coughing and sneezing. It primarily affects unvaccinated young children and pregnant women, causing serious complications of the lungs and central nervous system. However, the infection usually resolves for most healthy individuals within a few weeks.
The measles IgM antibodies test is a blood test that detects immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies produced by the immune system in response to a recent or acute phase infection with the measles virus. IgM is the first antibody that develops after measles virus infection or vaccination. It increases for many days before reaching its peak and then wears off over the next few weeks.
Vaccination is the preferred method to prevent measles infection and its spread to others.
What is the Measles IgM Antibody Test Used For?
A doctor may recommend the Measles IgM Antibody Blood test
To determine the current, ongoing measle infection in individuals who have never been vaccinated
Symptoms of Measles
Symptoms of measles appear 10-14 days after viral exposure and typically include one or more of the following
High temperature
Sore throat and cough
Runny or blocked nose
Red, watery eyes
Rash on the skin (appears first on the face before spreading across the body)
Small white spot inside the mouth
Preparation for Test
No specific preparation is required to evaluate measles IgM antibodies in the blood.
Interpretation of Test Results
The results of the Measles IgM antibody test are given and interpreted as follows:
Positive result
The report shows detectable IgM antibodies, indicating a current measles virus infection. However, the result must be read along with clinical findings to confirm the diagnosis.
Negative result
The report suggests no detectable IgM antibodies in the provided blood sample, which means you don’t have measles at the time of testing.
FAQs
Can measles affect pregnant women?
If you get measles while you're pregnant, it can cause miscarriage or stillbirth, premature labour and low-birth-weight infants. Talk to your doctor if you think you have been exposed to someone with measles, and get tested to check the status of your protection against the virus.
What factors can affect the accuracy of the Measles IgM antibody test?
IgM measles antibody tests may produce false positive results in individuals with rashes due to parvovirus B19, rubella, roseola or dengue. Additionally, false negative results can occur when samples are collected before the onset of rash symptoms. When uncertain, measles IgM antibody results should be confirmed with PCR testing.
Does this test pose any risk?
Like any other blood test, the use of needles during the test carries some risks, such as bruising, bleeding, and infection at the puncture site. You may also feel mild sting or pain; however, most symptoms usually disappear in a few hours.
What should I do if my report suggests I have measles?
If you have measles, staying home for several days is advisable until you recover fully. This is to ensure that you don't spread the disease. You can ask your doctor when you can return to your regular activities.
How long can IgM antibodies be detectable after infection?
In most cases, IgM levels can remain detectable in the blood for 30-60 days after the illness. However, they may become undetectable in some individuals as early as 4 weeks after the rash appears.
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