Lambda Free Light Chain, Serum Test
Lambda Free Light Chain, Serum Test
The Lambda free light chain test tracks the number of free lambda light chains in the blood to identify, diagnose, and monitor disorders associated with plasma cells, such as multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and the more severe condition known as amyloidosis. However, the results of this test cannot be interpreted in isolation, and an additional Kappa Free Light Chain test with ratio is required to provide a definitive diagnosis of the condition.
Light chains are components of antibodies that the plasma cells of the immune system produce to fight germs such as bacteria and viruses. There are two types of light chains: Kappa and Lambda.
In normal circumstances, our bodies produce additional light chains that circulate freely in the blood without attaching to heavy chain proteins (also part of the antibody structure). However, in individuals with plasma cell disorders, such as myeloma (cancer of white blood cells), there is an abnormal increase in the population of lambda light chain secreting plasma cells in the blood, causing symptoms and, in severe cases, kidney damage.
What is Lambda Free Light Chain Test Used For?
To evaluate the increased production of free lambda light chain in patients with suspected multiple myeloma
To evaluate the prognosis of plasma cell disorders
To monitor the effectiveness of treatment for myelomas
Symptoms of Plasma cell disorders
Depending on the type of plasma cell disorder and the organs affected, symptoms may include
Bone pain and fracture
Frequent bruising and bleeding
Difficulty in breathing
Irregular heartbeat
Purple spots on the skin
Feeling very tired
Persistent increase in tongue size
Tingling or numbness in legs and feet
Anemia
Kidney problems
Preparation for Test
No special preparation is required to undergo a free lambda light chain test.
Interpretation of Test Results
The results of the free lambda light chain test is reported in milligrams per liter (mg/L) and assessed in conjunction with the other laboratory data.
The normal range for free lambda light chains is between 5.7 and 26.3 mg/L.
Positive result (Abnormal)
This report suggests that the free lambda light chain levels exceeded the upper reference range in the provided blood sample. However, in some instances, it could also indicate chronic inflammation of the kidneys or an autoimmune disorder. Further tests will be required to confirm the diagnosis.
Negative result (Normal)
This report suggests that the concentration of free lambda light chain falls within the expected range, indicating that there may not be any abnormalities associated with plasma cells or that your treatment is working well in managing the condition.
FAQs
Who should have a free light chain test?
Most people will not need to have this test done, but it may be ordered for individuals experiencing symptoms that could indicate issues with their plasma cells.
Are there any risks associated with a free lambda light chain test?
There is minimal risk involved in having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the needle insertion site, but most symptoms go away quickly.
What might affect my test results?
Normally, your results aren't likely to be affected by external factors, but sometimes dehydration, certain medications, and kidney function may cause fluctuation in the lambda light chain levels.
What is the Kappa to lambda free light chain ratio?
The Kappa/Lambda ratio is a calculation that compares the proportion between the Kappa and lambda light chains to indicate an excess production of one chain over the other. If the Kappa/Lambda ratio is below 0.26, it suggests an abundance of lambda light chains, while a ratio above 1.65 indicates an excess of kappa light chains. Kappa: lambda ratio is used as a sign of disease progression or response to treatment
If my lambda light chain test result is high, does it mean I have cancer?
Not necessarily, because high levels of lambda light chains can also be due to other causes like chronic kidney disease or autoimmune disorders. Your doctor will advise you on additional tests for a definite diagnosis.
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