Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis(HP) Panel Test
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune disorder of the lungs caused by the repetitive inhalation of substances such as mould, bacteria, dust, or chemicals. People with HP often have vague symptoms that mimic other lung diseases, making diagnosis difficult.
However, the hypersensitivity pneumonitis panel test is a powerful diagnostic tool that detects this rare condition effectively. The test involves measuring antibodies in response to the triggering agent in the panel to guide treatment. Nevertheless, it's crucial to remember that this test isn't a standalone tool to diagnose HP accurately, and your doctor will require a thorough medical history, radiological findings, and other lab data to make an accurate diagnosis.
What is Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Panel Used For?
The Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Panel is used:
For evaluating patients having suspected symptoms related to hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Symptoms of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis typically start as a flu-like illness but worsen with prolonged exposure to triggering agents. They include:
Shortness of breath
Extreme tiredness
Unexplained Weight loss
Tightness in chest
Cough that lasts for weeks or months
Irreversible clubbing of fingers and toes
Preparation for Test
For accurate test results, consult your doctor for specific instructions. You may need to temporarily discontinue certain medications and avoid substances known to trigger symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the days leading up to the test.
Interpretation of Test Results
Positive result
A positive report indicates elevated antibody (IgG)levels against specific allergens included in the panel. While this signifies prior exposure and sensitization, it does not definitively confirm the presence of active infection. A complete clinical history, radiological evidence, and other laboratory data are thus taken into context to support the medical diagnosis.
Negative Result
This report suggests the absence of the body's immune response to the allergens included on the panel. However, it does not exclude the possibility of hypersensitivity pneumonitis because the specific antigen responsible for your symptoms may not be covered in the given panel.
Which Tests are Included in the Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Panel?
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Panel:
- Penicillium chrysogenum/notatum
- Aspergillus fumigatus/flavus
- Cladosporium herbarum
- Aureobasidium pullulans
- Candida albicans
- Alternaria alternata
- Pigeon serum protein, feathers, and droppings
FAQs
How often should individuals with hypersensitivity pneumonitis undergo panel testing?
While HP panel testing isn't usually repeated once a diagnosis is confirmed, retesting may be considered in a few circumstances:
- If you experience new or worsening symptoms that suggest a recent exposure or disease progression
- If there are changes in exposure to potential allergens
- If the initial evaluation was inconclusive
What factors can affect the accuracy of a hypersensitivity pneumonitis panel?
Several factors can affect the accuracy of an HP panel test, potentially leading to false negative results. For example, the panel might not include the specific allergen you're sensitive to, meaning the test wouldn't pick it up, even if you have true sensitivity.
Another factor is timing. If the test is done too soon after exposure to the allergen, the results could go wrong, leading to false negatives.
Smoking and taking some medication can similarly interfere with the accuracy of the results.
Under what conditions would a doctor recommend a Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis(HP) Panel?
A doctor may recommend an HP panel test if:
- An individual has symptoms suggestive of hypersensitive pneumonitis are present
- An overt history of exposure affecting lung function present in the patient's environment at home, work, or elsewhere
What precautions must I follow before undertaking an HP test?
Before taking the hypersensitivity pneumonitis test, you may need to take some precautions to ensure accurate findings. For example, make sure your doctor is aware of any current medications or supplements you take and any respiratory infections or underlying allergies you may have. Also, don't smoke for at least 24 hours before the test.
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