HPV DNA Detection And Typing Test
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted virus that affects the skin, genital area, and throat. Most sexually active individuals who have not been vaccinated are likely to be exposed to HPV at some point, with many remaining unaware of their infective status due to the absence of visible symptoms.
There are over 100 classified types of HPV, and over 40 types are primarily associated with skin-to-skin or genital transmission. HPV infection can manifest in various ways, ranging from localized bumps (warts) at the affected site (low-risk HPV) to more serious precancerous or cancerous conditions (high-risk HPV).
The HPV DNA test is a PCR-based laboratory test that examines sample cells to detect the presence of DNA from high-risk HPV types, such as 16 and 18, that are known to increase the risk of pre-cancers and cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva in women. Often performed alongside a Pap test, this test provides a comprehensive screening for cervical cancer while also being used in the effective planning of treatments for individuals diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer.
What is HPV DNA Detection And Typing Used For?
The info available from HPV DNA detection and typing is used for several purposes:
To diagnose HPV infection in cases of inconclusive or abnormal Pap smears.
To detect individual’s risk of developing cancer/precancerous conditions from a high-risk HPV strain.
To strategize appropriate treatments and follow up care in HPV patient.
To monitor the effectivness of treatment(e.g., surgery) in select patients
Symptoms of HPV infection
Most people with HPV do not have noticeable symptoms. But, depending on the type of HPV they are infected with, they can experience:
Lumps and bumps in and around the anus, genitals, mouth, throat, hands, and feet
Itching in the affected area
Constant fatigue
Changes in the skin color around the genitals
Throat pain
Weight loss
Bleeding from the vagina or anus
Lump or mass behind the throat
Changes in bowel habits
Preparation for Test
Even though no special preparation is required before an HPV test, follow your doctor's instructions to prepare yourself. You may be asked to refrain from sexual activity or the use of vaginal medications or tampons for 48 hours before taking the test, as they can influence the accuracy of the test results.
Interpretation of Test Results
The results of HPV DNA testing are typically given as positive or negative with the interpretations as follows:
Positive result
A positive report means there is a high-risk HPV strain detected in the sample provided. Your doctor may ask for a cervical biopsy for further analysis.
Negative result(Normal)
Getting a negative report means the sample has no high-risk HPV strain, and the patient must return every 3-5 years for a new test.
FAQs
When is an HPV DNA Detection test performed?
The HPV DNA detection test is recommended:
- If a woman is aged between 30 and 65, with regular testing every 5–10 years.
- If Pap smear results show abnormal cells in the cervix.
- If an individual has oropharyngeal cancer.
What risks are involved in taking the HPV DNA Detection and Typing Test?
The HPV DNA detection and typing test is primarily a screening method, so, like other screening tests, it carries certain risks related to test results. For example, false positive results can indicate the presence of a high-risk HPV strain in the sample when the actual virus is not present. This often leads to unnecessary patient follow-up for biopsies. Similarly, false negative results are possible, even when an individual has an HPV infection, causing delays in follow-up procedures and tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Does HPV show up on an STD test?
No, HPV is not typically included in regular screenings for sexually transmitted diseases because the test requires a DNA examination of the cervical cells. The only way to know if someone has HPV is through an HPV DNA Detection test or a Pap/HPV co-test.
How is the HPV DNA Detection and Typing Test done?
During clinical examination, your doctor will collect small cells from the infected sites like the cervix, vagina, penis, anus or oral region using a swab or a brush. The sample is then sent to the laboratory for further analysis.
Can the HPV DNA Detection test be used to screen for HPV-related cancers in men?
According to the CDC, cancers from HPV are uncommon in men. Therefore, routine testing of HPV in men, unless there are signs or symptoms, isn't recommended.
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