HIV 1 & 2 Ab & p24 Ag( Combo)-CLIA
HIV 1 & 2 Ab & p24 Ag( Combo)-CLIA
The HIV 1 and 2 Antibody & p24 Antigen combination assay is an initial screening test used by doctors to detect and diagnose acute HIV infection in high-risk people. The test looks for two critical markers in the blood: HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and p24 antigen. P24 antigen is a core HIV protein produced shortly after infection, typically between 14 and 19 days. It can be detectable in the blood at high levels before HIV IgM and IgG antibodies are produced, which takes between 23 and 90 days.
The HIV 1 and 2 Antibodies & p24 Antigen combo assay is a fourth-generation test that can identify p24 protein within 11 days after exposure. This test is highly effective in detecting HIV during the window period, allowing doctors to initiate treatment and avoid viral spread.
So, if you suspect you have been accidentally exposed to HIV, consult a doctor immediately. This chemiluminescence immunoassay can deliver more reliable outcomes to help you manage your disease on time
What is the HIV 1 & 2 Ab & p24 Ag Combo Test Used For?
The HIV 1 and 2 Antibodies & p24 Antigen Combo test is used:
To screen high risk individuals, including pregnant females for possible exposure to HIV
To diagnose indviduals having symptoms suspected of acute HIV infection
To differentiate HIV-1 infection from HIV-2
Which Tests are Included in HIV 1 & 2 Ab & p24 Ag Combo Test?
The HIV 1 and 2 Ab & p24 Ag Combo consist of two tests
HIV 1 and 2 Antibody Test
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This test looks for antibodies produced in response to HIV, detectable 3-12 weeks after infection. It helps in the early diagnosis and management of the disease
HIVp24 Antigen Detection Test
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This test detects HIV p24 antigen in the blood, which appears two weeks after HIV exposure. The test aids in the detection of HIV infection during the window period (the time between HIV exposure and the appearance of antibodies in the body). However, its sensitivity is relatively low when used alone, so often, it is combined with other tests for a more accurate HIV diagnosis
Symptoms of HIV Infection
Symptoms of HIV during the initial stages are similar to influenza or flu. They start a few weeks to three months after the virus exposure and last about 14 days. They commonly include
Rising temperature
Muscle and joint pain
Sore throat
Feeling of tiredness
Skin rash
Swollen lymph nodes
Night Sweats
Frequent bowel movements for more than four weeks
Unexpected weight loss
Preparation for Test
No special preparations are required
Interpretation of Test Results
The interpretation of The HIV 1 and 2 Antibodies & p24 Antigen Combo test is as follows:
Positive result
It means either HIV antibodies or antigens are detected, a sign of an HIV infection. Though, an HIV RNA PCR test is needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Negative result
It indicates the absence of both viral antibodies and antigens. But, it does not preclude the possibility of HIV infection as HIV antibodies and antigens aren't measurable during the window period. Follow-up testing is necessary for a more accurate diagnosis
FAQs
How does the fourth-generation antigen/antibody test work?
For a fourth-generation test, you'll have a small sample of blood drawn and sent to the lab for testing. The sample is subsequently combined with reagents containing anti-p24 and anti-HIV antibodies. “If your blood sample contains the p24 antigen or HIV antibodies, a reaction will occur that will be detected using laboratory instruments and interpreted by trained technicians
What is the window period for HIV 1 and 2 Antibodies & p24 Antigen Combo test?
The HIV 1 and 2 Antibodies & p24 Antigen Combo assay can usually detect HIV 18-33 days after exposure
What factors affect the accuracy of HIV 1 and 2 Antibodies & p24 Antigen Combo results?
Despite great accuracy, fourth-generation HIV tests can be affected by certain factors, such as the timing of the test relative to infection, viral load, immune response, other medical conditions, and the test kit used in sample processing. Follow-up testing is therefore required for a precise diagnosis
If the mother's HIV status is unknown, should a newborn be tested using HIV 1 and 2 Antibodies & p24 Antigen Combo Test?
If the mother's HIV status is unclear, a newborn should be tested with the HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and the p24 antigen combo test. This is because early testing will allow the doctors to make a quick diagnosis and initiate treatment if the baby is infected
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