Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test is used to measure the amount of GGT in the blood sample.
GGT is an enzyme present in various organs in the body, with the liver having the highest concentrations. Elevated levels of GGT in the blood are commonly associated with diseases that harm the liver or bile ducts. Typically, GGT is found in minimal amounts, but its levels can increase when the liver is damaged. In cases where bile ducts carrying bile from the liver to the intestine are blocked, such as by tumours or stones, GGT is often the first liver enzyme to be elevated in the blood.
Thus, getting the GGT test done is recommended for detecting bile duct problems.
Symptoms of liver disease
The symptoms of liver disease include
Jaundice
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Stomach pain
Dark-coloured urine
Light-coloured stool
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Swelling in the legs and ankles
What is the GGT test used for?
GGT test can be done for many reasons including
To diagnose liver disease
To determine whether the liver damage is a result of liver disease or a bone disorder
To check for obstructions in the bile ducts
To monitor or screen for alcohol use disorder
Preparation for the test
The GGT test may require fasting for up to 12 hours before the test; only drinking water during this time is recommended. Some medications can also affect the test results, so ensure your doctor is aware of what prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, or dietary supplements you are taking. Ask your doctor for details about pre-test preparations, and make sure to follow instructions closely.
Interpretation of results
The results are given in units per liter (U/L). Typically, the standard results are:
· 7 to 47 U/L for males
· 5 to 25 U/L for females
Deviation from normal levels indicates the following:
· Elevated test results may indicate liver damage caused by various diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumours, or pancreatic cancer. Additionally, increased GGT levels can be indicative of liver damage resulting from excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption or a viral infection.
FAQs
How is the sample collected for the GTT test?
A healthcare provider will draw a blood sample from a vein in your arm using a small needle. The blood will be collected in a test tube or vial and sent to the lab for analysis.
What are the risks associated with the GTT test?
There are no known risks associated with this test. During a blood test, one may experience minor pain or bruising where the needle was inserted, but most symptoms will subside quickly.
What is the turnaround time (TAT) for the result of the GTT test?
The GGT test result is usually available within 24 hours after the sample collection. This duration may vary depending on the particular diagnostic clinic.
How frequently should the GGT test be carried out?
The frequency of GTT test performance will be determined by your healthcare provider, and it may be more frequent in cases of liver disorders or when monitoring the response to treatment for a liver disease.
What measures can be taken to reduce GGT levels in the body?
Avoiding alcohol, managing weight effectively, consuming a balanced diet, and engaging in regular exercise can help in decreasing GGT levels. In instances of liver disease, it is important to promptly start appropriate treatment.
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