Factor XIII Functional 1 Test
Factor XIII Functional Test
The Factor XIII Functional test evaluates the activity of Factor XIII, a critical clotting factor involved in stabilizing blood clots. Factor XIII, also known as fibrin-stabilizing factor, strengthens the fibrin mesh formed during coagulation, ensuring proper clot formation and wound healing. Deficiencies or abnormalities in Factor XIII can lead to excessive bleeding and delayed clot stability, making this test vital for diagnosing bleeding disorders.
What is the Factor XIII Functional Test Used For?
This test is primarily used to:
- Diagnose Factor XIII Deficiency: Identify congenital or acquired Factor XIII deficiency, a rare but severe bleeding disorder.
- Evaluate Unexplained Bleeding: Investigate prolonged bleeding or poor wound healing when other clotting factor tests are normal.
- Monitor Treatment: Assess the effectiveness of Factor XIII replacement therapy in patients with known deficiency.
Screen for Acquired Deficiency: Detect deficiencies due to conditions like liver disease, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications.
Preparation for the Test
No special preparation is typically required for the Factor XIII Functional test. However:
- Medication Disclosure: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications, particularly anticoagulants or blood-thinning drugs, as these can affect results.
- Avoid Recent Transfusions: Recent blood transfusions may temporarily alter Factor XIII levels, so timing the test appropriately is important.
The test involves drawing a blood sample from a vein, which is analyzed in a specialized laboratory.
Interpretation of results
Results indicate the percentage of normal Factor XIII activity in the blood, with normal ranges typically being 70–140% of expected activity.
- Low Factor XIII Activity:
- Suggests congenital Factor XIII deficiency, an inherited disorder caused by mutations in the F13A1 or F13B genes.
- May indicate acquired deficiency due to liver disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), or autoimmune conditions.
- Associated with increased risk of severe bleeding, poor wound healing, and recurrent pregnancy loss.
- Normal Factor XIII Activity:
- Rules out Factor XIII deficiency as the cause of bleeding symptoms.
Abnormal results should be confirmed with additional tests, including genetic testing for congenital deficiency or imaging studies to assess bleeding sites.
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