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D-Dimer, Quantitative Test

D-Dimer, Quantitative

D-dimer is one of the protein fragments that the body creates when a blood clot dissolves. This test measures D-dimer levels and identifies blood clots.

When you are injured, blood clotting plays a crucial role in reducing the amount of blood loss. Normally, after your wound has healed, your body will break up the clot. If you have a blood clotting disorder, clots can form even if a wound is not present, or they won't dissolve as they should. These conditions can be fatal, and thus, getting your D-dimer test is recommended to diagnose conditions that result in hypercoagulability (an increased tendency to form blood clots)

What is D-Dimer, Quantitative test used for?

A D-dimer test is used to identify the following blood clot conditions:

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): In this condition, there is a blood clot deep within a vein. Though they can occur anywhere on the body, these clots typically affect the lower legs.

Pulmonary embolism (PE): In this condition, there is a blockage in a lung artery. It typically occurs when a blood clot that is lodged in another part of the body escapes and moves to the lungs. DVT clots commonly result in PE.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): This condition results in an excessive number of blood clots. They can develop all over the body, damaging organs and leading to other severe complications. DIC is usually caused by traumatic injuries, cancer, or specific infections.

Stroke: This condition is caused due to a blocked or burst blood vessel in the brain

Symptoms of blood clotting conditions

Swelling of your leg or arm

Swelling of your leg or arm

Pain or tenderness in your leg during standing or walking

Pain or tenderness in your leg during standing or walking

Red skin or discoloration

Red skin or discoloration

Having large veins near the surface of your skin

Having large veins near the surface of your skin

Sharp chest pain when you move or cough

Sharp chest pain when you move or cough

Sharp chest pain when you move or cough

Sharp chest pain when you move or cough

Back pain

Back pain

Sweating

Sweating

Cough (with phlegm or bloody spit)

Cough (with phlegm or bloody spit)

Fast heart rate

Fast heart rate

Dizziness

Dizziness

Bleeding gums

Bleeding gums

Nausea or vomiting

Nausea or vomiting

Severe muscle pain

Severe muscle pain

Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain

Seizures

Seizures

Sudden numbness or weakness

Sudden numbness or weakness

Sudden confusion

Sudden confusion

Sudden difficulty in seeing

Sudden difficulty in seeing

Preparation for test

No special preparation is required for this test

Interpretation of results

 

Parameters

Normal values

D-dimer values

< or =500 ng/mL fibrinogen-equivalent units (FEU)

 

 

Normal value ranges may slightly differ among different laboratories and some labs use different measurements.

Deviation from normal levels indicates the following:

·       A "negative" D-dimer result (D-dimer levels below a set value) indicates that there is no acute illness or disease that would cause abnormal clot formation and breakdown in the body.

A "positive" D-dimer result (D-dimer levels above a set value) may be indicative that the body is experiencing significant blood clot (thrombus) formation and breakdown, causing an abnormally high level of fibrin degradation products.

FAQs

How is the sample collected for a D-Dimer, Quantitative test?

A blood sample is taken from a vein in the arm using a fine needle. This procedure typically takes no longer than five minutes

What are the risks involved in the D-Dimer, Quantitative test?

This test involves negligible risk. There might be slight pain or tenderness around the site where the needle went in. Rarely, the site can become infected.

What is the turnaround time (TAT) for the result of a D-Dimer, Quantitative test?

The result of a D-Dimer, Quantitative test is usually available within 24 hours, although it could take longer at times

What factors might affect the D-Dimer, Quantitative test results?

Apart from clotting disorders, abnormal D-Dimer levels can also be seen in people with injury, cancer, myocardial infarction, liver disease, and infections.

What happens in case of positive D-Dimer blood test?

If the D-dimer blood test result is positive, your doctor may request additional blood tests, such as platelet count, fibrinogen, and prothrombin time. You might also be required to undergo imaging tests like CT angiography, ultrasonography, pulmonary angiography, ventilation/perfusion scanning. Since the D-dimer test does not reveal the location of the blood clot, these imaging tests are used to locate the blood clots.

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