Comprehensive Viral Respiratory & Fever Panel Test
The comprehensive viral respiratory and fever panel is done for the detection of pathogens by PCR along with serological tests for effective diagnosis and monitoring of fever with super-added inflammatory markers. This test comprises of the following:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Complete Urine Examination
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Quantitative
- Dengue NS1 Antigen, Rapid
- Interleukin-6
- Peripheral Blood Smear for Malarial Parasite (PS for MP)
- SARS COV-2 (COVID-19) Qualitative Real Time PCR
- Typhidot IgM
- Respiratory Viral Panel by PCR
Thus, this test may be ordered by your healthcare provider if you are showing signs and symptoms of suffering from an upper respiratory infection (e.g. common cold, bronchitis, pneumonia) or are seriously ill, with an increased risk of complications.
Symptoms of upper respiratory infection
Coughing and sneezing
Sore throat
Headache
Weakness or fatigue
Muscle aches
Fever
Chills
Difficulty breathing
Low appetite
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Which tests are included under Comprehensive Viral Respiratory & Fever Panel?
The comprehensive viral respiratory and fever panel test is used to evaluate:
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
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Used to provide information on general disease conditions and overall health. Additionally, if an abnormal cell or an excess or shortage of a particular type of blood cell is found, this test may be used to identify blood cancers. The test consists of:
- Hematocrit: This test measures the amount of red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood.
- Hemoglobin: It is a blood protein that transports oxygen or carbon dioxide in the blood.
- Mean Corpuscular Value (MCV): Measures the amount of hemoglobin per RBC.
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): This test measures the amount of hemoglobin concentrated in a given volume of RBCs.
- Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW): Measures the difference of red blood cell size or volume in a given blood sample.
- Percentage and Absolute Differential Counts: Measures the number of various white blood cell (WBC) types within the blood.
- Platelet count: This test measures the number of platelets in blood that are responsible for blood clotting.
- Red Blood Cell Count (RBC): It measures the number of RBCs in blood, responsible for oxygen transport throughout the body.
- White Blood Cell Count (WBC): It measures the number of WBCs in the blood, which defend the body against infections and foreign bodies.
- Hematocrit: This test measures the amount of red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood.
Complete Urine Examination:
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Used to detect abnormal substances in urine. Detecting and measuring the levels of these substances can reveal the presence of several disorders. Kidney disease or infection may lead to the appearance of blood cells, bilirubin, bacteria, pus cells, and epithelial cells in urine.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Quantitative:
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Used to determine the amount of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the blood. The liver is responsible for the production of CRP in response to inflammation.
Dengue NS1 Antigen, Rapid:
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Used to detect the presence of non-structural (NS1) antigen in your blood. The NS1 antigen is a protein produced by the dengue virus in your blood. The NS1 antigen test helps identify dengue fever and is accurate for the first 7 days of infection. A rapid test is a quick and accurate method for determining the presence of the NS1 dengue viral antigen in human serum, plasma, or whole blood. This test helps to diagnose the acute phase of primary and secondary dengue infections.
Interleukin-6:
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Used to measure the level of interleukin-6 in the blood. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an endogenous cytokine that is produced in response to inflammation, tissue injuries, and infections. This test is especially useful for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Peripheral Blood Smear for Malarial Parasite (PS for MP):
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Used to detect the presence of malarial parasite in the blood sample. Comprehensive information about the types of parasitemia, its density, and phases can be obtained through the examination of a peripheral blood smear.
SARS COV-2 (COVID-19) Qualitative Real Time PCR:
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Used to detect antibodies to the SARS COV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. This test is performed to help identify individuals infected with the SARS-COV-2 virus or who have recovered from COVID-19.
Typhidot, IgM:
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Used to detect IgM antibodies produced in response to Salmonella typhi infection in the body. Typhoid, commonly known as enteric fever, is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. When bacteria infect the body, the immune system produces various antibodies to fight the illness. An IgM antibody is one of these antibodies that are produced during an early infection. This test is performed to determine the cause of any persistent fever or the presence of signs and symptoms of typhoid fever.
Respiratory Viral Panel by PCR:
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This test is done to detect enterovirus, adenovirus, bocavirus, corona virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, and influenza virus. It also tests for and offers subtyping of influenza, parainfluenza, RSV, and corona virus.
Who should get tested?
This test is performed:
If you are experiencing signs or symptoms of fever
If you are experiencing signs or symptoms of mosquito-borne infections such as dengue or malaria
To determine if the cause of the fever is related to urinary tract infections (UTIs)
To determine whether the fever is a result of respiratory infections caused by particular viruses, such as influenza or the COVID-19 virus
Preparation for the test
No special preparation is required for the comprehensive viral respiratory and fever panel test.
Interpretation of results
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
|
Parameters |
Normal blood counts |
|
RBC count (Male) |
4.7 to 6.1 million cells/mcL |
|
RBC count (Female) |
4.2 to 5.4 million cells/mcL |
|
WBC count |
4,500 to 10,000 cells/mcL |
|
Hematocrit (Male) |
40.7% to 50.3% |
|
Hematocrit (Female) |
36.1% to 44.3% |
|
Hemoglobin (Male) |
13.8 to 17.2 gm/dL |
|
Hemoglobin (Female) |
12.1 to 15.1 gm/dL |
|
MCV |
80 to 95 femtoliter |
|
MCH |
27 to 31 pg/cell |
|
MCHC |
32 to 36 gm/dL |
|
Platelet count |
150,000 to 450,000/dL |
Complete Urine Examination
|
Parameters |
Interpretation |
|
Positive |
Abnormal substances such as blood, bacteria, etc. were found in the urine sample. |
|
Negative |
No abnormal substances were found in the urine sample. |
C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Quantitative
|
Range of CRP levels in milligrams per litre |
Inference |
|
0.5-3.0mg/L |
Normal |
|
3-10 mg/L |
Normal or slightly elevated |
|
10-100mg/L |
Moderately elevated |
|
>100mg/L |
Markedly elevated |
Dengue NS1 Antigen, Rapid
|
Parameters |
Interpretation |
|
Positive |
Indicates the presence of the NS1 antigen in the blood sample. |
|
Negative |
Indicates the absence of the NS1 antigen in the blood sample. |
Note: It is advised to perform an NS1 Antigen Rapid test within the first five days of a fever. Dengue fever antibodies IgG & IgM by ELISA are the suggested test after 7-10 days of ongoing fever.
Interleukin-6
|
Parameter (Normal value) |
Interpretation |
|
<7pg/ml (picograms per milliliter)
|
Higher value: Indicates that the person is suffering from an inflammatory condition. Lower value: Confirms the presence of less severe inflammatory response. |
Peripheral Blood Smear for Malarial Parasite (PS for MP)
|
Parameters |
Interpretation |
|
Positive |
Indicates the presence of malarial parasites in the blood smear. |
|
Negative |
Indicates the absence of malarial parasites in the blood smear. |
SARS COV-2 (COVID-19) Qualitative Real Time PCR
|
Parameters |
Interpretation |
|
Positive |
Indicates previous infection with SARS COV-2 virus; COVID-19 antibodies are present in the blood. |
|
Negative |
Indicates absence of COVID-19 antibodies; no previous history of infection. |
Typhidot IgM
|
Parameters |
Interpretation |
|
Positive |
Indicates the presence of IgM antibodies in the blood sample. |
|
Negative |
Indicates the absence of IgM antibodies in the blood sample. |
Respiratory Viral Panel by PCR
|
Parameters |
Interpretation |
|
Positive |
Positive result means a specific pathogen was found and may indicate the type of infection you are having. A co-infection means you are infected with more than one pathogen and more than one part of the panel tests was positive. |
|
Negative |
Negative result means that the symptoms exhibited were caused by a pathogen not included in the panel of tests. It may also indicate that your condition is not caused by a virus or bacteria. |
FAQs
What is the type of sample used for the comprehensive viral respiratory and fever panel test?
While all the other tests included under this panel require a blood sample, complete urine examination requires a urine sample and the respiratory viral panel requires a nasopharyngeal specimen.
How is the sample collected for the comprehensive viral respiratory and fever panel test?
For the blood sample, 3 mL of blood is collected from a vein in your arm using a small needle. Usually, this procedure does not take more than 5 minutes to complete. For the urine sample, your healthcare provider will give you a sterile container to collect the sample. Midstream urine collection is the proper technique for taking a urine sample. The first few urine drops should be discarded because they could contain microorganisms that are present on the genital surface. It is advised that you clean the area around your genitalia before taking a urine sample. Finally, for the nasopharyngeal specimen, your healthcare provider will insert a swab into your nostril until it reaches the upper respiratory part of your throat.
Are there any risks associated with this test?
During a blood test, one may experience minor pain or bruising where the needle was inserted, but most symptoms will subside quickly. In case of the swab test, you may experience slight tickle down your throat or it may cause you to cough.
What is the turnaround time (TAT) for the comprehensive viral respiratory and fever panel test?
You will usually get the test reports within 24 hours after the collection of the test sample. However, this duration may vary depending on the diagnostic clinic.
How can respiratory viral panel (RVP) help in patient care?
RVP results can effectively reduce hospital admissions and prolonged or unnecessary use of antibiotic courses. However, there is uncertainty about the utility of RVP results for otherwise healthy patients.