Chikungunya PCR Test
The chikungunya PCR test is done to measure the chikungunya RNA in the blood. Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting the CHIKV virus through their bites. This disease is more widespread in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Chikungunya shows symptoms similar to Dengue and Zika, making diagnosis of this disease difficult.
Thus, it is important to get tested for chikungunya virus by undergoing the chikungunya PCR test within the first 7 days of illness when the chikungunya viral RNA can be identified in the serum.
Symptoms of chikungunya
Following are the most commonly seen symptoms in individuals infected with the chikungunya virus:
Fever
Joint pain and swelling
Headache
Muscle pain
Rash
Who should get tested?
Chikungunya PCR test is recommended for the following individuals:
Newborns infected around the time of birth
Older adults (≥65 years)
Travelers who recently returned from areas with known virus transmission
People with medical conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease
Preparation for the test
No special preparation is required for the chikungunya PCR test.
Interpretation of test results
The test results are available as positive or negative.
Positive
A positive test result indicates the presence of chikungunya virus RNA in the given sample of blood.
Negative
A negative test result may be interpreted in the following two ways:
- A negative test result with a positive internal control indicates that chikungunya virus RNA is not detectable in the sample of blood.
- A negative test result with a negative internal control indicates polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibition or reagent failure. In such cases, a fresh sample must be collected if clinically indicated.
FAQs
How is the sample collected for the chikungunya PCR test?
Your healthcare provider will insert a needle into a vein in your upper arm and collect a small amount of blood.
Does the chikungunya PCR test pose any risks?
This test carries negligible risks. However, you may experience bleeding, infection, or bruising at the site where the needle was inserted. You may also experience a feeling of lightheadedness after the test.
Is there a vaccine against chikungunya virus?
There is currently no vaccine or antiviral treatment available against chikungunya virus.
Can chikungunya PCR test be done on anyone?
Chikungunya PCR test is only recommended for patients with a clinical history and symptoms consistent with chikungunya infection. This test is not recommended for screening healthy patients.
What factors give rise to false-negative results for the chikungunya test?
False-negative results may be obtained due to degradation of chikungunya virus RNA during incorrect shipping or storage. Sometimes, such results may also arise due to specimen collection after the period that chikungunya virus RNA is typically present in the patient (7 days after onset of symptoms).
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