Autoimmune Encephalitis Panel Test
Autoimmune encephalitis is a severe inflammatory condition affecting the brain, resulting in a range of neurological manifestations. An autoimmune encephalitis panel encompasses a series of tests designed to identify antibodies such as AMPA (anti-glutamate receptor)-GluR1, AMPA (anti-glutamate receptor)-GluR2, CASPR2 antibody (VGKC type), GABA-B receptor antibody, LGi-1 antibody (VGKC type), NMDA (anti-glutamate receptor against NR1 subunit) targeting specific receptors associated with the condition.
These antibodies are commonly linked to autoimmune disorders affecting the brain. Thus, getting the autoimmune encephalitis panel done is recommended to prevent various immune-mediated complications.
Symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis
The symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis may develop more slowly and cause neurological symptoms. Common symptoms include:
Confusion
Drowsiness
Loss of consciousness
Memory issues
Nausea and vomiting
Behavioural changes
Seizure
Stiff neck
Speech issues
Weakness or loss of movement
What is the Autoimmune Encephalitis Panel used for?
Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis
Determining the specific type of autoimmune disorder causing encephalitis
Evaluating limbic encephalitis (noninfectious)
Initiating accurate treatment for autoimmune encephalitis
Preparation for the test
No special preparation is required for the autoimmune encephalitis panel.
Interpretation of test results
The test results are available as either positive or negative.
Positive test results
A positive test result indicates the presence of autoantibodies such as AMPA, CASPR2, GABA-B LGi-1 antibody, and NMDA that are responsible for the causation of autoimmune encephalitis.
Negative test results
A negative test result indicates the absence of autoantibodies that are suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis in the given sample.
FAQs
How is the sample collected for the autoimmune encephalitis panel?
A blood sample is collected from a vein in your arm using a small needle. Usually, this procedure does not take more than 5 minutes.
What are the risks associated with autoimmune encephalitis panel?
This panel is relatively safe. There might be slight soreness or tenderness around the site where the needle was inserted. Rarely, the site can become infected.
What is the turnaround time (TAT) for the result of the autoimmune encephalitis panel?
The autoimmune encephalitis panel results are usually available within 1-2 working days after the sample collection. This duration may vary depending on the diagnostic clinic.
What are the various causes of autoimmune encephalitis?
Autoimmune encephalitis can result from antibodies targeting neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins, triggered by infections (e.g. herpes simplex virus), tumors (e.g. teratomas), or idiopathic factors. Antibodies disrupt normal brain function, leading to inflammation and neurological symptoms such as seizures, psychosis, and cognitive impairment.
What are the various ways to reduce the risk of autoimmune encephalitis?
To reduce the risk of autoimmune encephalitis, prioritize maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and adequate sleep. Minimize stress and avoid exposure to potential triggers such as infections and environmental toxins. Stay up-to-date with vaccinations, especially against infectious diseases known to trigger autoimmune responses. Additionally, address any underlying autoimmune conditions or neurological symptoms under the guidance of healthcare professionals to prevent complications.
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