Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody (Anti GBM) Antibody Test
About Anti-GBM Antibody test
The anti-GBM antibody test is used to identify the presence of anti-GBM antibodies in the blood sample.
The glomerular basement membrane plays a crucial role in filtering waste products in the kidneys. However, when the body produces anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies, it can result in kidney damage. These antibodies specifically target the capillaries within the membrane, causing proteins and blood to leak into the urine. Additionally, these antibodies can also affect the basement membrane of the lungs, leading to lung damage. Goodpasture's syndrome is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes, leading to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary haemorrhage.
Thus, getting this test done is recommended to aid in the diagnosis of kidney and lung disease (Goodpasture syndrome) or kidney disease (Glomerulonephritis).
Symptoms of kidney and lung disease
Kidney failure
Respiratory failure
Chest pain
Chills and fever
Weight loss
Blood in urine
Vomiting
Coughing up blood
Anaemia due to bleeding
Why is the Anti-GBM Antibody test done?
The anti-GBM antibody test is helpful in the assessment of individuals with
Rapid onset of pulmonary haemorrhage
Goodpasture syndrome
Renal failure
Test preparation
No special preparation is required for the anti-GBM antibody test.
Interpretation of test results
The anti-GBM antibody test results are available as either positive or negative.
Positive test results
A positive test result (> or =1.0 U) indicates the presence of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies in the blood sample. Antibodies detected in the bloodstream could indicate either anti-glomerular basement membrane disease or Goodpasture syndrome.
Negative test results
A negative test result (<1.0 U) indicates the absence of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies in the blood sample.
FAQs
How is the sample collected for an anti-GBM antibody test?
A blood sample is collected from a vein in your arm using a small needle. Usually, this procedure does not take more than 5 minutes.
What is the turnaround time (TAT) for anti-GBM antibody test?
The anti-GBM antibody test result is usually available within 1-3 working days after the sample collection. This duration may vary depending upon the diagnostic clinic.
Are there any risks associated with anti-GBM antibody test?
This test involves negligible risk. There might be slight soreness or tenderness around the site where the blood is drawn. Rarely, the site can become infected.
What causes Goodpasture syndrome?
The exact cause of Goodpasture syndrome remains uncertain, but it is believed to be a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Approximately 8 to 90% of individuals with Goodpasture syndrome possess a specific type of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) known as HLA-DR15. HLAs play a crucial role in helping the immune system distinguish between the body's own tissues and foreign substances.
Occasionally, Goodpasture syndrome can develop following an infection, such as a common cold or the flu. Furthermore, individuals who smoke or are exposed to metal dust and hydrocarbon chemicals, such as methane or propane, have a higher likelihood of developing Goodpasture syndrome.
Is it possible to prevent Goodpasture syndrome?
While it may not be possible to completely prevent Goodpasture syndrome, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. One effective measure is to avoid tobacco and chemicals that can potentially trigger the disorder. If you find yourself frequently exposed to substances like gasoline, kerosene, tar, or asphalt, it is advisable to minimize your contact with these hydrocarbons.
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