Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Fluid Test
Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Fluid Test
Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Fluid test is used to measure the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in pregnant women.
This test is conducted to determine the likelihood of certain birth defects and genetic disorders in the fetus. Typically, the AFP, Fluid test is carried out during the 14th to 22nd weeks of pregnancy. AFP is produced by the baby's liver. If certain conditions, such as neural tube defects impact the baby, a higher level of AFP is released into the amniotic fluid, which then passes into the mother's bloodstream through the placenta. Therefore, it is recommended for expectant mothers to get this test done to evaluate the potential risk of their baby having birth defects.
This test is also known as
Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein, AFAFP test
What is Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Fluid Test Use for?
An excessive or insufficient amount of AFP may be a sign of
Open neural tube defects, such as spina bifida
Down syndrome
Other chromosomal abnormalities
Abnormalities in the abdominal wall
Twins (The protein is being made by more than a single baby
A miscalculated due date, as the levels fluctuate during pregnancy
Who Should Get Tested?
The AFP fluid test is done in the following cases
Having a family history of birth defects
Advanced maternal age
Having diabetes
Consumed medicines or drugs during pregnancy that could harm the baby
Preparation For Test
No special preparation is required for the Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Fluid test.
Interpretation Of Results
Positive (abnormal result)
Abnormal AFP levels could indicate a greater likelihood of neural tube defect, like Spina bifida (a condition where the spinal cord is not fully enclosed by the bones of the spine), Anencephaly (a condition where the brain does not develop properly), or a genetic disorder such as Down syndrome (a condition that leads to intellectual disabilities and health complications).
Negative (normal result)
If the Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Fluid result is normal, it indicates a decreased likelihood of birth defects.
FAQs
How is the sample collected for an Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Fluid test?
A sample of amniotic fluid is required for this test, which is obtained through a procedure called amniocentesis. This procedure is performed in a medical office, you will be asked to lie down on an examination table. Using an ultrasound machine, a healthcare professional will display an image of your unborn baby on a monitor, guiding them to the precise location for collecting the fluid sample without any contact with the baby. To ensure your comfort, the healthcare provider will clean your abdomen and administer a local anesthetic to numb the area. Subsequently, a needle will be inserted to extract a small sample of amniotic fluid. The collection process usually lasts around 5 minutes, although you may have to stay at the facility for 45 minutes or more.
What are the risks involved in an Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Fluid test?
Amniocentesis is generally regarded as a safe procedure. Following the procedure, you may experience cramping, slight leakage of fluid or blood from the vagina, or discomfort around the puncture site. If any of these symptoms persist or worsen, or if you develop a fever, promptly contact your healthcare provider. Additionally, it is advisable to consult your healthcare provider regarding any specific activities that should be avoided after the test.
What is the maternal AFP range during pregnancy between 15 and 20 weeks?
Maternal AFP levels during pregnancy begin to increase around the 14th week of gestation and continue to rise until about 32 weeks of gestation. Typically, AFP levels between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy fall within the range of 10 ng/ml to 150 ng/ml.
Why is it necessary to get an Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Fluid test done?
Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Fluid test assists in the early identification of potential birth defects in fetuses and helps determine the need for additional testing. By detecting these risks at an early stage, it enables the provision of specialized prenatal care and ensures regular monitoring of the health of the fetus.
What follow-up tests might be recommended after an abnormal AFP fluid test result?
In order to determine a diagnosis, additional tests such as ultrasound, genetic counseling, and further blood tests may be required.
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