5-Amino Levulinic acid (5-ALA), Spot Urine

Serum creatinine is a blood test that determines the health of the kidneys. Creatinine is a waste product of certain bodily functions. A healthy kidney naturally filters out creatinine from the blood via urine. Increased serum creatinine level indicates that the kidneys are not working properly and require further evaluation. The serum creatinine test is mostly indicated for people with chronic kidney disease, those who need dialysis, or as a routine evaluation to assess kidney function in people with diabetes mellitus.

A serum albumin test examines the amount of albumin in the body. Albumin is a protein that is made by the liver. The serum albumin test is done as a part of the routine check-up and can aid in diagnosing liver disorder, kidney disease, malnutrition, unintended weight loss, and chronic kidney disease, as lower albumin serum levels increase the risk for CKD progression.

The creatinine clearance test is used to determine the kidney's ability to remove creatinine from the blood. Creatinine is a waste product produced by the breakdown of muscle tissue. Creatinine is cleared from the body by the kidneys, and filtration of creatinine in each minute from the blood is called creatinine clearance. If the kidney is not functioning normally, there is an increase in the creatinine level in the blood because less creatinine is excreted through the urine. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) is used to evaluate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and assess renal functions such as kidney obstruction, acute or chronic renal failure, and dysfunction due to diseases like heart failure. This test also helps in the diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of kidney disease.

The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a test evaluate kidney function and determining es your stage of kidney disease. Your kidneys have tiny filters called glomeruli. These filters help in the removal of waste and extra fluid from the blood. A GFR test calculates the amount of blood that flows through these filters each minute. A GFR may be assessed directly, but it is a difficult procedure that requires the services of professional providers. As a result, GFR is frequently calculated using a test known as estimated GFR or eGFR. To get an estimate, your provider will use a method known as a GFR calculator. A GFR calculator is a mathematical formula that predicts the filtration rate. This is accomplished by comparing the results of a blood test that detects creatinine, a waste product filtered by the kidneys, with other data such as age, weight, height, and gender. A GFR test is used for the early detection of kidney disease when it can be treated. GFR may also monitor people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or other conditions that cause kidney damage, such as diabetes and excessive blood pressure.

The kidney removes waste and extra fluid from the body, and urea nitrogen is one such waste product. If an individual has kidney disease, this waste material can accumulate in the blood. Hence this test is used to evaluate normal kidney function. If BUN levels are higher than normal, this may be a sign of kidney dysfunction. This test can help to diagnose or monitor a kidney disease or disorder. This test is prescribed for individuals with a family history of kidney problems, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

A microalbumin-spot urine analysis test detects minute amounts of albumin, a blood protein, in urine. Albumin is one of the proteins that leak through the kidney into the urine in cases of kidney damage. The presence of microalbumin in urine can be an important marker for risk of heart diseases and kidney damage in diabetes mellitus.

The urine microalbumin creatinine ratio, also known as uACR, is a simple and convenient test to measure the albumin to creatinine ratio in urine. The test provides more accurate information about amount of albumin released into the urine to screen for kidney disease. Albumin to creatinine ratio in urine – a type of protein, to creatinine – a waste product found in the urine. High albumin levels in urine may indicate kidney disease, and low levels might indicate the presence of infection or inflammation. The test is crucial as it helps detect kidney problems early and assists doctors in preventing further kidney damage. The test is also recommended in patients suffering from type 1 and 2 diabetes or hypertension to check for kidney damage

Microalbumin 24 hours urine test is used to detect very small levels of albumin in your urine. Albumin is a protein present in the blood. Kidneys filter out waste from the blood while retaining beneficial elements, such as albumin proteins. The damaged kidney can leak protein in the urine (proteinuria). Hence, a microalbumin test is used to detect kidney damage. This test is also prescribed for people with a higher risk of kidney diseases, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.

The creatinine clearance test is used to determine the kidney's ability to remove creatinine from the blood. Creatinine is a waste product produced by the breakdown of muscle tissue. Creatinine is cleared from the body by the kidneys, and filtration of creatinine in each minute from the blood is called creatinine clearance. If the kidney is not functioning normally, there is an increase in the creatinine level in the blood because less creatinine is excreted through the urine. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) is used to evaluate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and assess renal functions such as kidney obstruction, acute or chronic renal failure, and dysfunction due to diseases like heart failure. This test also helps in the diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of kidney disease.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine test measure the amount of nitrogen and creatinine in the blood. This test can help diagnose or monitor acute or chronic kidney disease or disorder. A healthy kidney naturally filters out BUN and creatinine from the blood via urine. Increased BUN and creatinine level in the blood indicates that the kidneys are not functioning properly. High creatinine levels and the BUN-creatinine ratio may indicate acute kidney injury or dehydration. Because of decreased muscle mass, elderly patients may have an elevated BUN/Cr at baseline, congestive heart failure, or recent onset of urinary tract obstruction may also cause an increase in BUN/Creatinine ratio. Hypercatabolic states (excessive metabolic breakdown of complex substances such as protein), high-dose glucocorticoids, and resorption of large hematomas (blood that leaks into surrounding tissues will be reabsorbed into blood vessels) cause an increase in BUN relative to creatinine. Increased urea formation also increases the ratio, e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, trauma, etc. Decreased formation of urea are seen in liver disease, leading to a decrease in the BUN/Creatinine ratio